Table 2. Geometric Mean of Fetal Growth Characteristics.
| Variable | Geometric mean (95% CI) | P valuea | Geometric mean (95% CI) | P valuea | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subsample 1 with OGTT data | Subsample 2 with glycemic trajectory group | ||||||
| No gestational diabetes | Gestational diabetes | Trajectory 1 | Trajectory 2 | Trajectory 3 | |||
| <24 Weeks’ gestational age | |||||||
| Total No.b | 9894 | 2009 | 7437 | 207 | 154 | ||
| EFW, g | 346.0 (342.5-349.5) | 348.2 (340.5-356.0) | .002c | 362.8 (358.8-366.9) | 365.7 (341.3-391.9) | 451.8 (428.0-476.8) | .92 |
| AC, mm | 154.6 (154.0-155.3) | 155.6 (154.2-157.0) | .004c | 158.5 (157.8-159.2) | 159.0 (154.5-163.7) | 169.3 (164.8-174.0) | .71 |
| HC, mm | 171.6 (170.9-172.3) | 172.4 (170.9-173.9) | .002c | 176.2 (175.4-177.0) | 174.8 (170.1-179.6) | 190.0 (185.8-194.3) | .78 |
| HL, mm | 30.1 (29.9-30.2) | 30.0 (29.7-30.4) | .002c | 30.9 (30.7-31.1) | 31.0 (29.9-32.0) | 34.7 (33.9-35.6) | .98 |
| FL, mm | 31.1 (30.9-31.3) | 31.1 (30.7-31.5) | .002c | 32.2 (32.0-32.4) | 32.0 (30.9-33.2) | 36.4 (35.5-37.4) | .98 |
| BPD, mm | 48.0 (47.8-48.3) | 48.4 (48.0-48.9) | .002c | 49.4 (49.2-49.6) | 49.5 (48.3-50.8) | 52.9 (51.8-53.9) | .71 |
| 24-34 Weeks’ gestational age | |||||||
| Total No.b | 5243 | 1094 | 3673 | 105 | 51 | ||
| EFW, g | 1437.4 (1421.8-1453.1) | 1410.8 (1374.6-1447.9) | .97 | 1411.6 (1390.5-1433.0) | 1370.9 (978.7-1920.3) | 1402.6 (1273.8-1544.4) | .22 |
| AC, mm | 258.3 (257.2-259.3) | 256.0 (253.6-258.4) | .85 | 256.4 (255.0-257.9) | 249.6 (221.3-281.5) | 253.8 (245.9-262.0) | .20 |
| HC, mm | 270.9 (270.0-271.8) | 269.0 (267.0-271.1) | .23 | 269.7 (268.5-271.0) | 265.3 (242.6-290.1) | 262.9 (255.7-270.3) | .20 |
| HL, mm | 49.8 (49.7-50.0) | 49.6 (49.3-50.0) | .12 | 50.0 (49.8-50.2) | 51.7 (50.2-53.2) | 48.9 (47.8-50.1) | .23 |
| FL, mm | 56.0 (55.8-56.2) | 55.6 (55.2-56.1) | .12 | 56.3 (56.0-56.5) | 58.4 (56.4-60.5) | 55.0 (53.6-56.5) | .22 |
| BPD, mm | 78.1 (77.8-78.3) | 77.6 (77.0-78.1) | .14 | 78.3 (78.0-78.6) | 80.3 (77.8-82.9) | 76.8 (74.9-78.7) | .20 |
| >34 Weeks’ gestational age | |||||||
| Total No.b | 8216 | 1626 | 6235 | 163 | 117 | ||
| EFW, g | 2871.1 (2849.0-2893.2) | 2880.3 (2868.9-2891.6) | .23 | 2814.8 (2727.9-2904.5) | 2682.2 (2633.3-2732.0) | 2889.0 (2874.9-2903.2) | .61 |
| AC, mm | 327.8 (327.3-328.3) | 327.9 (326.9-329.0) | .35 | 327.9 (327.2-328.6) | 320.2 (316.4-324.0) | 325.5 (321.4-329.7) | .80 |
| HC, mm | 321.1 (320.8-321.5) | 319.9 (319.3-320.6) | .006c | 321.5 (321.1-321.9) | 302.7 (285.7-320.7) | 316.7 (314.1-319.3) | .02d |
| HL, mm | 60.5 (60.5-60.6) | 60.4 (60.3-60.6) | .29 | 60.7 (60.6-60.8) | 61.0 (60.3-61.7) | 60.3 (59.7-60.9) | .43 |
| FL, mm | 69.6 (69.5-69.7) | 69.4 (69.3-69.6) | .29 | 69.8 (69.7-70.0) | 70.4 (69.7-71.1) | 69.3 (68.7-70.0) | .43 |
| BPD, mm | 92.6 (92.5-92.7) | 92.5 (92.3-92.7) | .07 | 92.7 (92.6-92.8) | 91.8 (91.0-92.7) | 92.0 (91.4-92.7) | .43 |
Abbreviations: AC, abdominal circumference; BPD, biparietal diameter; EFW, estimated fetal weight; FL, femur length; HC, head circumference; HL, humerus length; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.
a
A false discovery rate less than 0.05 and P < .05 were considered significant.
b
Total number of each measured fetal biometric marker.
c
P < .01.
d
P < .05.