Table 2. Overview of typical gait alterations (compared to healthy controls).
| Gait velocity | Cadence | Gait lengths | Gait durations | Swing | Single-limb support | Double-limb support | Step width | Gait asymmetry | Gait variability | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lumbar spinal stenosis | ↓ | ↘ | ↓ | ↗ | X | X | X | X | ↑↑ | ↑↑ |
| Lumbar disc herniation | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↑ | ↑↑ | X | X | ↑↑ |
| Low back pain | ↓ | ↘ | ↘ | ↗ | ↗ | ↗ | ↑ | ↑ | X | ~ |
Included studies investigating spatiotemporal changes at self-selected and unobstructed walking speeds. ↓↓, markedly decreased (>50%); ↓, decreased (10–50%); ↘, slightly decreased (0–10%); ↗, slightly increased (0–10%); ↑, increased (10–50%); ↑↑, markedly increased (>50%), ~, no significant findings; X, not studied. SDL, Stride Length; SDT, Stride Time.