Table 8.

Study 1: Task-Oriented and Relations-Oriented Behavior Exemplars.

Work context	Behavior	Exemplars
Managing work from home arrangements	Planning	“Management created ‘work from home’ kits for each employee, well in advance of Orders to do so, which consisted of laptops, extra screen, keyboard, mouse, all cords, and had all necessary software pre-loaded by the IT dept. Also established a voluntary micro-essential team to handle mail, etc. at the office.”
	Clarifying	“Made clear explanations on how to effectively work from home with the limited technologies available for us and also clearly stating each role as assigned to each individual.”
	Supporting	“She called to check in on how I was doing balancing my personal and work life. It meant a lot because she asked about my family and mental well-being. She knew I was stressed.”
	Empowering	My supervisor has been very flexible. They have allowed us to work from wherever we would like. And we have had autonomy in completing our jobs.
Managing essential workers	Planning	“The supervisor decided to set up equipment for work from home for most of the staff.”
	Clarifying	“Communication about the daily changing requirements of PPE use.”
	Supporting	“Provided face masks early before they were required. They provided hand sanitizer early too.”
	Empowering	“My supervisor allows us to refuse taking patient and employee temps before entering the hospital. We aren't clinical and shouldn't be doing them while we have furloughed nurses.”
Managing workforce reductions	Planning	“They called us individually days before it happened. Once the governor said to close down, we were already prepared on what was to come. Working at a bar, we have ensured everything is ready to go when reopening.”
	Clarifying	“Called each frontline employee directly letting them know what he/she know. Also, checked with those same employees every couple of weeks to check in with them and update them with anything he/she knew and to see if employees had any questions.”
	Supporting	“My supervisor exercised a lot of care and compassion when performing the lay off…It really gives me hope that I will be called back to work and that they actually care about me.”
	Empowering	“Given me space and freedom to work from home. He also has been allowing more personal leave.”

Note. N = 312. Planning and clarifying were the two most common task-oriented behaviors; supporting and empowering were the two most common relations-oriented behaviors. Variables were coded as 1 = theme is present, 0 = not present.