TABLE 1.
Characteristics of pancreatic cancer cases and control subjects
| HERPACC‐2 (2001‐2005) | HERPACC‐3 (2005‐2013) | Pooled analysis | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case (n = 179) | Control (n = 716) | P value a | Case (n = 247) | Control (n = 740) | P value a | Case (n = 426) | Control (n = 1456) | P value a | |
| Age (y) | .819 | .163 | .513 | ||||||
| <40 | 10 (5.6) | 40 (5.6) | 10 (4.0) | 24 (3.2) | 20 (4.7) | 64 (4.4) | |||
| 40‐<50 | 18 (10.1) | 79 (11.0) | 13 (5.3) | 63 (8.5) | 31 (7.3) | 142 (9.8) | |||
| 50‐<60 | 58 (32.4) | 208 (29.1) | 58 (23.5) | 183 (24.7) | 116 (27.2) | 391 (26.9) | |||
| 60‐<70 | 59 (33.0) | 265 (37.0) | 125 (50.6) | 320 (43.2) | 184 (43.2) | 585 (40.2) | |||
| 70‐ | 34 (19.0) | 124 (17.3) | 41 (16.6) | 150 (20.3) | 75 (17.6) | 274 (18.8) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 60 (53‐67) | 60 (53‐66.5) | 63 (57‐68) | 63 (56‐68) | 62 (55‐68) | 62 (54‐67) | |||
| Sex | 1.000 | .978 | .963 | ||||||
| Male | 125 (69.8) | 500 (69.8) | 170 (68.8) | 510 (68.9) | 295 (69.2) | 1010 (69.4) | |||
| Female | 54 (30.2) | 216 (30.2) | 77 (31.2) | 230 (31.1) | 131 (30.8) | 446 (30.6) | |||
| Alcohol intake (g/d) | .608 | .051 | .037 | ||||||
| 0 | 55 (30.7) | 242 (33.8) | 94 (38.1) | 284 (38.4) | 149 (35.0) | 526 (36.1) | |||
| <23 | 74 (41.3) | 294 (41.1) | 78 (31.6) | 286 (38.6) | 152 (35.7) | 580 (39.8) | |||
| <46 | 28 (15.6) | 103 (14.4) | 30 (12.1) | 89 (12.0) | 58 (13.6) | 192 (13.2) | |||
| ≥46 | 21 (11.7) | 63 (8.8) | 40 (16.2) | 77 (10.4) | 61 (14.3) | 140 (9.6) | |||
| Missing | 1 (0.6) | 14 (2.0) | 5 (2.0) | 4 (0.5) | 6 (1.4) | 18 (1.2) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 20.4 (50.5) | 14.8 (23.0) | 19.4 (33.3) | 15.1 (29.4) | 19.8 (41.4) | 15.0 (26.5) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 7.4 (0.0‐26.6) | 3.9 (0.0‐19.7) | 5.8 (0.0‐23.0) | 2.5 (0.0‐18.1) | 5.9 (0.0‐25.5) | 3.3 (0‐19.7) | |||
| Smoking pack‐years | .001 | .062 | .007 | ||||||
| 0 | 62 (34.6) | 311 (43.4) | 93 (37.7) | 333 (45.0) | 155 (36.4) | 644 (44.2) | |||
| <20 | 25 (14.0) | 104 (14.5) | 43 (17.4) | 127 (17.2) | 68 (16.0) | 231 (15.9) | |||
| <40 | 33 (18.4) | 155 (21.6) | 55 (22.3) | 115 (15.5) | 88 (20.7) | 270 (18.5) | |||
| <60 | 28 (15.6) | 85 (11.9) | 34 (13.8) | 76 (10.3) | 62 (14.6) | 161 (11.1) | |||
| ≥60 | 31 (17.3) | 57 (8.0) | 20 (8.1) | 62 (8.4) | 51 (12.0) | 119 (8.2) | |||
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.6) | 2 (0.8) | 27 (3.6) | 2 (0.5) | 31 (2.1) | |||
| BMI | .084 | 1.4 × 10−10 | 7.9 × 10−11 | ||||||
| <18.5 | 14 (7.8) | 32 (4.5) | 39 (15.8) | 34 (4.6) | 53 (12.4) | 66 (4.5) | |||
| 18.5‐<25 | 125 (69.8) | 479 (66.9) | 181 (73.3) | 526 (71.1) | 306 (71.8) | 1005 (69.0) | |||
| ≥25 | 40 (22.3) | 200 (27.9) | 27 (10.9) | 173 (23.4) | 67 (15.7) | 373 (25.6) | |||
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (0.8) | |||
| Mean (SD) | 22.7 (3.3) | 23.3 (3.1) | .026 | 21.6 (3.1) | 23.1 (3.1) | 2.9 × 10−10 | 22.1 (3.2) | 23.2 (3.1) | 1.7 × 10−10 |
| Meat intake | .319 | .929 | .468 | ||||||
| <1/wk | 50 (27.9) | 172 (24.0) | 61 (24.7) | 179 (24.2) | 111 (26.1) | 351 (24.1) | |||
| 1‐4/wk | 120 (67.0) | 499 (69.7) | 176 (71.3) | 523 (70.7) | 296 (69.5) | 1022 (70.2) | |||
| 5‐/wk | 5 (2.8) | 34 (4.7) | 10 (4.0) | 34 (4.6) | 15 (3.5) | 68 (4.7) | |||
| Missing | 4 (2.2) | 11 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.5) | 4 (0.9) | 15 (1.0) | |||
| Processed meat intake | .907 | .274 | .457 | ||||||
| <1/wk | 98 (54.7) | 372 (52.0) | 131 (53.0) | 377 (50.9) | 229 (53.8) | 749 (51.4) | |||
| 1‐4/wk | 66 (36.9) | 271 (37.8) | 106 (42.9) | 310 (41.9) | 172 (40.4) | 581 (39.9) | |||
| 5‐/wk | 13 (7.3) | 51 (7.1) | 9 (3.6) | 47 (6.4) | 22 (5.2) | 98 (6.7) | |||
| Missing | 2 (1.1) | 22 (3.1) | 1 (0.4) | 6 (0.8) | 3 (0.7) | 28 (1.9) | |||
| Family history of pancreatic cancer | .389 | .001 | .001 | ||||||
| No | 170 (95.0) | 690 (96.4) | 225 (91.1) | 714 (96.5) | 395 (92.7) | 1404 (96.4) | |||
| Yes | 9 (5.0) | 26 (3.6) | 22 (8.9) | 26 (3.5) | 31 (7.3) | 52 (3.6) | |||
| History of diabetes | 1.0 × 10−6 | .008 | 1.8 × 10−7 | ||||||
| No | 142 (79.3) | 658 (91.9) | 200 (81.0) | 648 (87.6) | 342 (80.3) | 1306 (89.7) | |||
| Yes | 37 (20.7) | 58 (8.1) | 47 (19.0) | 91 (12.3) | 84 (19.7) | 149 (10.2) | |||
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | |||
| ALDH2 rs671 | .121 | .706 | .212 | ||||||
| GG | 83 (46.4) | 354 (49.4) | .626 b | 117 (47.4) | 372 (50.3) | .428 b | 200 (46.9) | 726 (49.9) | .365 b |
| GA | 86 (48.0) | 295 (41.2) | 107 (43.3) | 299 (40.4) | 193 (45.3) | 594 (40.8) | |||
| AA | 10 (5.6) | 67 (9.4) | 23 (9.3) | 69 (9.3) | 33 (7.7) | 136 (9.3) | |||
Data are n (%) unless otherwise stated.
Abbreviations: ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2; BMI, body mass index; HERPACC, Hospital‐based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Differences between cases and controls were analyzed using the t test or χ2 test.
b
P values for the Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium using the χ2 test.