TABLE 3.

Direct and indirect effects of the ALDH2 rs671 A allele on pancreatic cancer

Analysis (Ca/Co)	HERPACC‐2 (2001‐2005)				HERPACC‐3 (2005‐2013)				Pooled analysis b
	OR a	95% CI		P value	OR a	95% CI		P value	OR a	95% CI		P value
GA/AA vs GG	(179/716)				(247/740)				(426/1456)
Direct effect	1.39	0.95	2.03	0.090	1.27	0.91	1.78	0.163	1.34	1.04	1.72	0.022
Indirect effect	0.87	0.74	1.01	0.068	0.86	0.74	1.00	0.043	0.86	0.77	0.95	0.004
Total effect	1.20	0.86	1.69	0.290	1.09	0.81	1.48	0.572	1.15	0.92	1.44	0.228
Never smokers only	(62/311)				(93/333)				(155/644)
Direct effect	1.80	0.99	3.26	0.054	1.33	0.80	2.22	0.281	1.50	1.02	2.20	0.038
Indirect effect	1.00	0.82	1.22	0.967	0.84	0.71	0.99	0.034	0.89	0.79	1.01	0.071
Total effect	1.81	1.02	3.19	0.041	1.11	0.68	1.80	0.684	1.34	0.93	1.92	0.116
GA vs GG	(169/649)				(224/671)				(393/1320)
Direct effect	1.42	0.97	2.08	0.074	1.28	0.91	1.80	0.158	1.36	1.06	1.76	0.017
Indirect effect	0.91	0.79	1.04	0.165	0.85	0.75	0.97	0.019	0.88	0.80	0.96	0.006
Total effect	1.29	0.91	1.83	0.159	1.09	0.80	1.50	0.594	1.20	0.95	1.51	0.135
AA vs GG	(93/421)				(140/441)				(233/862)
Direct effect	1.00	0.44	2.29	0.996	1.54	0.80	2.96	0.199	1.23	0.74	2.03	0.429
Indirect effect	0.80	0.55	1.17	0.255	0.76	0.54	1.05	0.099	0.78	0.62	1.00	0.046
Total effect	0.81	0.39	1.68	0.575	1.16	0.67	2.02	0.601	0.96	0.63	1.48	0.874

Estimates in bold show statistical significance (P < .05).

Abbreviations: ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2; Ca, case; CI, confidence interval; Co, control; HERPACC, Hospital‐based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center; OR, odds ratio.

^a Mediator variable: square root of alcohol intake (g/d). Covariates: age, sex, pack‐years, body mass index, meat intake, processed meat intake, family history of pancreatic cancer, and history of diabetes.

^b HERPACC version was additionally included as a covariate in the pooled analysis.