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. 2022 Mar 25;13:815390. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.815390

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Copyright © 2022 Tano, Kotani, Ushida, Yoshihara, Imai, Nakano-Kobayashi, Moriyama, Iitani, Kinoshita, Yoshida, Yamashita, Kishigami, Oguchi and Kajiyama

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flow chart of the study participants. Clinical data of 2,219 patients who delivered at two tertiary care centers and 12 primary maternity care units and had available medical records on the index and subsequent pregnancies. A total of 1,640 patients were eligible for this study after excluding 547 and 32 women based on the index and subsequent pregnancy status, respectively. DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus.