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. 2022 Mar 25;12:765553. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.765553

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Copyright © 2022 Yeh, Doan, Huang, Chu, Shi, Lee, Wu, Lin, Chiang, Liu, Chuang, Ping, Liu and Huang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The effect of honeysuckle, Huangqi, and their combination on the binding of SARS-CoV2-spike with ACE2 and syncytia formation. (A,C) Imaging of EGFP/spike-positive BHK-21 effector cell binding (upper panel) and fusion (lower panel) with Calu-3 target cells in the absence or presence of honeysuckle (A), Huangqi (C), or combination of honeysuckle-EtOH and either APS or APS-L. The binding efficiency of SARS-CoV2-spike to ACE2 (gray bars) and the formation of syncytium indicating fusion efficiency (white bars) was quantified in the cells treated with honeysuckle (B), Huangqi (D), and honeysuckle-EtOH combined with either APS or APS-L (E). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; n.s: no significance. Scale bar equals 1.0 mm in all figures.