Table 10.

Summary of the predictive power of three methods in Chinese language proficiency.

Group	Predictor	Estimate	SE	p	Odds ratio	Estimate	SE	p	Odds ratio	Estimate	SE	p	Odds ratio
Pooled group	Age	0.07	0.06	0.23	1.07	0.08	0.06	0.18	1.08	0.08	0.06	0.11	1.09
	L1	−0.10	0.34	0.77	0.91	−0.13	0.34	0.71	0.88	−0.04	0.34	0.92	1.04
	Gender	−0.35	0.39	0.38	0.71	−0.41	0.40	0.30	0.66	−0.35	0.40	0.37	0.70
	CSL years	0.70	0.15	<0.001	2.02	0.74	0.15	<0.001	2.10	0.78	0.15	<0.001	2.18
	P	4.05	1.06	<0.001	57.52
	S					4.49	1.04	<0.001	89.32
	PS									4.28	1.03	<0.001	72.05
Sinographo-sphere group	Age	−0.01	0.09	0.89	0.99	−0.005	0.09	0.96	0.99	0.01	0.09	0.93	1.01
	Gender	0.01	0.57	0.98	1.02	0.02	0.58	0.97	1.02	0.08	0.59	0.90	1.08
	CSL years	0.06	0.21	0.78	1.06	0.19	0.20	0.35	1.21	0.32	0.21	0.13	1.37
	P	7.02	1.78	<0.001	1122.18
	S					6.19	1.61	<0.001	488.45
	PS									5.30	1.56	<0.001	200.97
Non-sinographo-sphere group	Age	0.10	0.10	0.27	1.11	0.11	0.09	0.22	1.12	0.11	0.09	0.22	1.12
	Gender	−0.48	0.56	0.39	0.62	−0.58	0.57	0.31	0.56	−0.59	0.57	0.30	0.55
	CSL years	1.26	0.26	<0.001	3.51	1.28	0.26	<0.001	3.58	1.27	0.26	<0.001	3.55
	P	2.91	1.50	0.05	18.32
	S					4.11	1.52	0.01	60.95
	PS									3.97	1.52	0.01	52.95

CSLyrs, years of CSL learning; P, phonological method; S, semantic method; PS, phonological and semantic method.

The strongest predictor for each group was in bold.