Table 3.
Participants' performance in measured variables.
| Group | HSK level | Measurement method | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phonological method | Semantic method | Phonological and semantic method | |||||||||||
| M | SD | MIN | MAX | M | SD | MIN | MAX | M | SD | MIN | MAX | ||
| Pooled group | 4 | 0.41 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.85 | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.71 | 0.34 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.70 |
| 5 | 0.56 | 0.18 | 0.29 | 0.98 | 0.51 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.93 | 0.49 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.93 | |
| 6 | 0.68 | 0.16 | 0.34 | 1.00 | 0.63 | 0.16 | 0.30 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 1.00 | |
| 0.53 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 1.00 | 0.48 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 1.00 | 0.46 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 1.00 | ||
| Sinographosphere | 4 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.17 | 0.85 | 0.35 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.71 | 0.33 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.70 |
| 5 | 0.56 | 0.19 | 0.33 | 0.98 | 0.52 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.93 | 0.47 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.93 | |
| 6 | 0.70 | 0.16 | 0.34 | 1.00 | 0.65 | 0.17 | 0.30 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 1.00 | |
| 0.53 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 1.00 | 0.48 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.44 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 1.00 | ||
| Non-Sinographosphere | 4 | 0.43 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.72 | 0.37 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.67 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.67 |
| 5 | 0.56 | 0.18 | 0.29 | 0.96 | 0.51 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.92 | 0.50 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.91 | |
| 6 | 0.66 | 0.16 | 0.47 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.16 | 0.44 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 1.00 | |
| 0.54 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 1.00 | 0.48 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 1.00 | 0.47 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 1.00 | ||