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. 2022 Mar 25;12:782045. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.782045

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Copyright © 2022 Abd El-Hamid, Sewid, Samir, Hegazy, Bahnass, Mosbah, Ghaith, Khalifa, Ramadan, Alshareef, Alshareef, Ghoneim, Al-Sanea and Bendary

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Heatmap showing the hierarchical clustering and overall distribution of ST239-MRSA strains based on their genotypes and antimicrobial resistance and toxin gene profiles. Red and blue colors refer to presence and absence of a particular feature, respectively. The dendrogram represents the hierarchical clustering of the strains and various features. Different categories of characterization methods, sample types, and hosts are color-coded on the right of the heatmap. CIP, ciprofloxacin; RF, rifamycin SV; TE, tetracycline; CRO, ceftriaxone; E, erythromycin; C, chloramphenicol; VA, vancomycin; DA, clindamycin; SXT, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole; CN, gentamicin; IPM, imipenem; CI–CIX, coagulase genotypes; R1–R19, coa-RFLP patterns; SCCmec (II, III, IV, and V), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec; NT, non-typeable; agr (I and III), accessory gene regulator; S1–S5, spa PCR products; van, vancomycin resistance gene; pvl, Panton–Valentine leucocidin; sea, see, and sec, staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, and C; tst, toxic shock syndrome toxin; eta and etb, exfoliative toxins A and B.