Table 2.

Case definitions of the four epidemic-prone infectious diseases selected

Malaria	Positive laboratory test for malaria parasites: Identified asexual form of Plasmodium spp. from blood smear (thick film or thin film) or screening test positive for Plasmodium spp. (Guidelines for Disease Surveillance 2012)
Lower respiratory tract infection	Clinical diagnosis: Fever and cough and abnormal chest sounds (Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, 2016)(Chest X-ray can confirm a pneumonia if diagnosis is not clear, however only available in secondary health care outside the camps)
Watery diarrhea	Clinical diagnosis: Three or more loose stool or one watery stool in the past 24 h with or without dehydration (Guidelines for Disease Surveillance 2012)
Dysentery	Clinical diagnosis: Acute diarrhea with visible mucous-bloody stool or presenting with WBC and RBC in stool under microscopic examination (Guidelines for Disease Surveillance 2012)