Table 1.

Model features that affect the shares of renewable energy sources in selected European energy models and model applications

Model	Renewable share in demand	Conventional share in demand	Renewable share in generation	Conventional share in generation	Renewable capacity target	CO2 budget	CO2 price	Documentation
AnyMOD						xa	xa	Göke (2021)
Backbone∗	xa	xa			xa	xa	Helistö et al. (2020, 2021); Lindroos et al. (2021);Ikäheimo et al. (2022); Rasku et al. (2020)	Helistö et al. (2019)
Calliope∗	Tröndle (2020), xb	xa	xa	xa	Pfenninger and Keirstead (2015); Pfenninger (2017)	Pickering and Choudhary (2021)	Pickering and Choudhary (2021)	Pfenninger and Pickering (2018)
DIETER∗		Zerrahn and Schill (2017); Schill et al. (2017b); Schill and Zerrahn (2018)	Schill and Zerrahn (2020); Stöckl et al. (2021)			xb	xb	Zerrahn and Schill (2017); Gaete-Morales et al. (2021)
DIMENSION∗	xc	xc	xc	xc	Bründlinger et al. (2018)	Helgeson and Peter (2020)	xa	Richter (2011); Helgeson and Peter (2020)
dynELMOD∗					Kittel et al. (2020)	Gerbaulet et al. (2019)		Gerbaulet and Lorenz (2017)
EMMA∗	xb				Hirth (2013); Ruhnau et al. (2020); Ruhnau (2021); Ruhnau et al. (2021)	xa	Hirth (2013); Ruhnau et al. (2020); Ruhnau (2021); Ruhnau et al. (2021)	Hirth (2013)
ELTRAMOD					Anke and Möst (2021)	Anke et al. (2020); Hobbie et al. (2019)	Eising et al. (2020)	Ladwig (2018)
EU-REGEN∗			xa			Mier and Weissbart (2020); Weissbart (2020); Azarova and Mier (2021)	Mier and Azarova (2021); Siala et al. (2020)	Weissbart and Blanford (2019)
E2M2∗	Fleischer (2019)		Torralba-Díaz et al. (2020)		Schick et al. (2020)	Gillich et al. (2019); Fleischer (2019); Guthoff et al. (2021); Torralba-Díaz et al. (2020)	Torralba-Díaz et al. (2020); Schick et al. (2020)	Fleischer (2019)
ENTIGRIS∗	Senkpiel et al. (2019)	Senkpiel et al. (2019)					Senkpiel et al. (2019)	n/a
GENESYS						xc	xc	Bussar et al. (2014); Bussar (2019)
GENeSYS-MOD∗			Loeffler et al. (2017)			Hainsch et al. (2021)	Burandt et al. (2018)	Burandt et al. (2018)
ISAaR						xa	xc	Böing and Regett (2019)
LIMES-EU∗	Pietzcker et al. (2021)		xa			Pietzcker et al. (2021)	Osorio et al. (2020b)	Osorio et al. (2020a); Knopf et al. (2015)
LUT Model∗	xb	Bogdanov et al. (2021)	SolarPower Europe and LUT University (2020)	SolarPower Europe and LUT University (2020)	Renewable Energy Institute, Agora Energiewende, LUT University (2021)	xa	Satymov et al. (2021)	Bogdanov et al. (2021)
oemof	xc	xc			Hilpert et al. (2020)	xc	xc	Hilpert et al. (2020)
PLEXOS∗	xc	xc	xc	xc	xc	xc	xc	Deane et al. (2015)
PyPSA∗	Brown and Reichenberg (2021)		xc		xc	Brown and Reichenberg (2021); Parzen et al. (2021)	Neumann and Brown (2021)	Brown et al. (2018a)
REMix∗	Xiao et al. (2020)		Gils et al. (2017); Scholz et al. (2017)			Moser et al. (2020)	Gils et al. (2019)	Gils et al. (2017); Scholz et al. (2017)
SpineOpt.jl	xa	xa			xa	xa	xa	Ihlemann et al., 2021

Notes: ∗ Personal communication confirms that the artifact has been observed in this model.

^aPossible, but not used or documented in model applications so far.

^bUsed in model applications, but not published yet.

^cApplicable according to personal communication, but insufficient information for linking specific model applications to this particular constraint available.