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. 2022 Apr 7;13:1906. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29549-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Schematic of the HG-LGS for quantitative visual chemical detection. The gating liquid consists of a host-guest system with a macrocyclic-surfactant. Macrocyclic molecules modulate the gas-liquid interface property of the gating liquid by shielding the surfactant to form an inclusion complex, in which the hydrophobic part of the surfactant is inserted into the macrocyclic cavity. When the specific target molecules are in the gating liquid, the HG-LGS releases gas with the formation of the macrocyclic-target complex, pushing the marker forward in the thin tube. The higher the concentration of the target molecule, the farther the marker moves. The concentration of target molecule can be visually quantified by reading the movement distance of the marker or observing the color change of indicator solution. The system does not respond to nonspecific molecules. b Relationships among the movement distance of the marker, the transmembrane critical pressure (P_Critical) of the gas in the HG-LGS, and the concentration of the target molecule (C_Analyts) in various macrocyclic: surfactant ratios (N_{Host:Surfactant}).