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. 2022 Apr 7;12:5898. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09805-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Intelligibility results for Experiment 2. (a) Mean proportion of correctly reported words are plotted as a function of SNR (− 6, − 2, + 2 dB, Clear [black dot]) for the different envelope conditions (damped, ramped, unmodulated) and for younger (left) and older adults (right). (b) Mean word report (left) is plotted for the different modulation types (modulated, unmodulated) and age groups (younger, older). The difference in performance between modulated and unmodulated maskers (masking release) is plotted for both age groups (right). Plots for modulated maskers reflect the mean across damped and ramped envelope shapes. (c) Mean word report (left) is plotted for the different masker envelope shapes (damped, ramped) and age groups (younger, older). The difference in performance between the damped and ramped envelope shapes is plotted for both age groups (right). Error bars reflect the standard error of the mean. *p < 0.05.