Table 3.
Results from the exploratory analyses1 of birth defects associated with maternal occupations as a nail technician with frequent work2 or combination nail technician-hairdresser in comparison to non-cosmetologist during pregnancy, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2011
| Nail technicians with frequent work2 |
Combination nail technician-hairdressers |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth defect | n | OR | 95% CI | n | OR | 95% CI |
| Congenital Heart Defects | ||||||
| Any heart defect | 14 | 2.2 | (1.0 - 5.1) | 4 | 0.8 | (0.2 - 2.7) |
| RVOTO | 4 | 3.6 | (1.1 - 11.8) | NR | ||
| Pulmonary valve stenosis | 3 | 3.9 | (1.0 - 15.0) | NR | ||
| Septal defects | 6 | 2.9 | (1.0 - 8.3) | NR | ||
| Atrial septal defect | 3 | 2.5 | (0.7 - 9.3) | NR | ||
| Non-Heart Defects | ||||||
| Neural tube defects | 4 | 2.9 | (0.9 - 9.6) | NR | ||
| Oral clefts | NR | 10 | 4.2 | (1.5 - 11.5) | ||
| Cleft palate | NR | 4 | 5.2 | (1.5 - 18.6) | ||
| Cleft lip w/wo cleft palate | NR | 6 | 3.9 | (1.2 - 12.0) | ||
| Cleft lip with cleft palate | NR | 5 | 5.3 | (1.6 - 17.3) | ||
1
Controlling for mother’s smoking status, age at delivery (in continuous years), education level, and race/ethnicity
2
Nail technicians working 20 hours per week or more and at least 60 days during early pregnancy
OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; RVOTO: Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction; w/wo: with or without; NR: Not reportable based on n<3