Table 3.

Association between hand, food, and environmental contamination and extended ages and stages z scores in a cohort study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Risk factor	N	Combined z score coefficient (95% CI)			Communication z score coefficient (95% CI)			Gross motor z score coefficient (95% CI)			Fine motor z score coefficient (95% CI)			Problem solving z score coefficient (95% CI)			Personal social z score coefficient (95% CI)
Water source E. coli > 1 MPN/l00 mL	218	−0.14	−0.47	0.20	−0.09	−0.41	0.22	−0.12	−0.41	0.18	−0.11	−0.41	0.19	−0.11	−0.45	0.22	−0.14	−0.46	0.17
Water source E. coli MPN/100 mL (Log10)		−0.05	−0.12	0.01	−0.03	−0.10	0.03	−0.02	−0.08	0.03	−0.06	−0.11	0.00	−0.05	−0.12	0.02	−0.05	−0.12	0.01
Stored household water E. coli > 1 MPN/100 mL	217	−0.25	−0.58	0.08	−0.20	−0.52	0.13	−0.40	−0.68	−0.12	−0.17	−0.48	0.15	0.19	−0.51	0.13	−0.07	−0.41	0.26
Stored household water E. coli MPN/100 mL (Log10)		−0.03	−0.12	0.06	−0.03	−0.11	0.04	0.02	−0.06	0.10	−0.03	−0.11	0.05	−0.02	−0.11	0.06	−0.04	−0.12	0.04
Soil in child play spaces E. coli > 1 MPN/gram dry weight	161	−0.38	−0.73	−0.03	−0.13	−0.44	0.18	−0.25	−0.61	0.10	−0.64	−1.04	−0.24	−0.49	−0.83	−0.15	−0.11	−0.48	0.27
Soil in child play spaces E. coli MPNI/gram dry weight (Log10)		−0.03	−0.07	−0.002	−0.01	−0.04	0.01	−0.02	−0.06	0.01	−0.06	−0.10	−0.02	−0.04	−0.07	−0.01	−0.01	−0.04	0.03
Child food E. coli > 1 MPN/gram dry weight	115	0.11	−0.22	0.45	0.18	−0.15	0.51	0.08	−0.27	0.43	0.12	−0.19	0.42	−0.06	−0.41	0.30	0.07	−0.29	0.43
Child food E. coli MPN/ gram dry weight (Log10)		0.02	−0.02	0.06	0.04	−0.01	0.08	0.02	−0.02	0.06	0.01	−0.04	0.05	−0.01	−0.05	0.03	0.01	−0.04	0.06
Object/surface child mouthed E. coli > 1 MPN per object/100 cm2
Surface area	154	0.02	−0.25	0.28	0.12	−0.15	0.40	0.05	−0.25	0.34	0.03	−0.28	0.33	−0.10	−0.38	0.19	0.04	−0.24	0.33
Object/surface child mouthed E. coli MPN per object/100 cm2
Surface area (Log10)		0.01	−0.03	0.05	0.02	−0.03	0.06	0.00	−0.05	0.05	0.02	−0.03	0.06	−0.01	−0.05	0.03	0.02	−0.02	0.06
Child hand rinse E. coli > 1 MPN/100 mL (both hands)	162	−0.23	−0.58	0.12	−0.37	−0.72	−0.03	−0.08	−0.39	0.24	−0.15	−0.55	0.26	−0.19	−0.55	0.16	−0.19	−0.56	0.18
Child hand rinse E. coli MPN (both hands) (Log10)		−0.04	−0.09	0.01	−0.06	−0.10	−0.01	−0.01	−0.05	0.03	−0.03	−0.09	0.02	−0.03	−0.07	0.02	−0.04	−0.08	0.01
Caregiver hand rinse E. coli > 1 MPN/100 mL (both hands)	151	−0.03	−0.43	0.36	0.01	−0.38	0.39	0.03	−0.33	0.39	0.05	−0.30	0.40	−0.09	−0.47	0.29	−0.08	−0.46	0.29
Caregiver hand rinse E. coli (both hands) (Log10)		0.00	−0.05	0.05	0.01	−0.04	0.06	0.01	−0.04	0.05	0.02	−0.03	0.06	−0.01	−0.06	0.03	0.00	−0.05	0.05

MPN = most probable number.

^*Models are adjusted for wall type, number of household members, and household educational level.