Sodium butyrate ameliorated ER stress and defective autophagy. (a) Immuno-blots of epididymal WAT of HFD and NaB treated mice using antibodies specific for inflammation. i.e., iNos, Arg-1, MHCII, MMP9, and NF-κB, GAPDH as a loading control. (b) Quantification of protein level normalized by GAPDH. (c) Immunoblots of epididymal WAT of HFD and NaB treated mice using antibodies specific for insulin signaling. i.e., pAKT and pAS160. (d) Quantification of protein level normalized by GAPDH. (e) Immunoblots of epididymal WAT of HFD and NaB treated mice using antibodies specific for ER stress and autophagy .i.e., PERK, CHOP, Lc3b and p62. (f) Quantification of protein level normalized by GAPDH. The student’s t-test was used to analyze the data. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 (comparison between control and HFD)*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, * **P < 0.001 (comparison between HFD and NaB) indicated significance and ns indicated non-significant.