Fig. 3.

PCA of water-soluble compounds in nozawana-zuke samples. PC1–PC2 planes of score (left) and loading (right) plots obtained from (a) PCA and (b) two-step PCA. In the score plots, samples are color-coded as shown in the legend and labeled by fermentation duration in days. In the loading plots, numerical labels in black represent chemical shifts in ppm. The variables contributing to the feature space are labeled with metabolite names in red. The following bacterial strains were used: ♯4G2, Latilactobacillus curvatus; K4G1, Levilactobacillus brevis; and K4G4 and K5G3, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)