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. 2022 Apr 7;17:28. doi: 10.1186/s13024-022-00533-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Spatial–temporal distribution of tau lesions in schemes of brains. Deeper color means earlier involvement. A Tau progression in PiD has four stages, shown in medial and lateral views. Stage I, tau affects angular gyrus, limbic and frontotemporal regions. Stage II/III involves white matter tracts, subcortical structures (thalamus, striatum), serotonergic/noradrenergic brainstem nuclei, primary motor cortex and pre-cerebellar nuclei. Stage IV, tau invades visual cortex and cerebellar. Modified from [84]. B Tau progression in AD has six stages. Stage I/II, tau affect transentorhinal area. Stage III/IV, severe involvement of entorhinal, hippocampus and limbic areas happens. Stage V/VI, tau reaches primary and secondary neocortex. Modified from [85, 86]. C Tau progression in PSP has seven stages. Stage 0/I, pallido-luyso-nigral axis shows tau burden. Stage II/III, tau invades basal ganglia, dentate nucleus and pedunculopontine nucleus. Stage IV/V, tau reaches frontoparietal and temporal lobes. Stage VI/VII, occipital cortices, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus are involved. Modified from [55]. D Tau progression in CTE has four stages, shown in coronal view at levels of genu of corpus callosum, mammillary body, and lateral geniculate body. Stage I/II, tau is restricted focally deep in the sulci of cortex, especially frontal lobe, surrounding small vessels and expand to superficial layers. Stage III, tau is widespread to cortices including frontal, temporal, parietal, and insular lobes. Meanwhile, amygdala, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex are involved. Stage IV, tau affects most regions of cerebral cortex. Modified from [87]. E Tau progression (argyrophilic grains (AGs)) in AGD has four stages, shown in view same as D. Stage I is characterized by AGs in ambient gyrus, hippocampus (CA1), entorhinal and amygdala. Stage II shows involvement of medial temporal lobe and subiculum. Stage III, AGs reaches anterior temporal, cingulate gyrus, rectus gyrus, septum, accumbens nucleus, insular and orbitofrontal cortices, and hypothalamus (CA2 CA3). Stage IV involves neocortex and brainstem (not shown in figures). Modified from [63]