Table 2.
Carpal Motion Relative to Intact State in Wrist Extension and Flexion∗
| Series | Wrist Extension |
Wrist Flexion |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | Rotation | x | y | z | Rotation | |
| Scaphoid | ||||||||
| Cut dorsal | −0.6 (0.9) | −2.4 (1.2) | 2.2 (1.9) | 3.7 (1.7) | −0.5 (1.0) | 0.5 (3.0) | −0.3 (1.1) | 2.4 (2.3) |
| Cut palmar | −0.3 (1.2) | −2.4 (2.6) | 1.1 (1.7) | 3.9 (1.4) | −0.4 (0.9) | 2.2 (1.4) | −0.1 (1.2) | 2.8 (1.1) |
| CCS | −1.3 (2.0) | −0.3 (4.1) | 0.6 (3.5) | 5.0 (2.8) | −3.6 (2.2) | 4.2 (2.6) | 1.8 (1.7) | 6.4 (2.4) |
| BLB graft | −2.5 (2.5) | −3.1 (2.5) | 0.1 (2.5) | 5.3 (2.3) | −2.9 (2.1) | 2.3 (4.8) | 0.9 (1.9) | 6.1 (2.2) |
| Lunate | ||||||||
| Cut dorsal | −0.3 (0.7) | −2.4 (1.1) | 1.5 (1.7) | 3.2 (1.6) | −0.3 (1.4) | 0.0 (2.2) | −0.7 (1.3) | 2.0 (2.1) |
| Cut palmar | −1.3 (1.1) | −2.2 (1.5) | 0.1 (1.6) | 3.0 (1.8) | 0.0 (1.6) | 0.4 (1.7) | −0.2 (1.7) | 2.3 (1.6) |
| CCS | −1.7 (3.0) | −2.1 (2.4) | 2.6 (2.0) | 5.3 (1.9) | −4.8 (2.7) | 8.7 (6.7) | 8.1 (4.4) | 13.2 (7.0) |
| BLB graft | −3.0 (1.9) | −3.0 (2.7) | 1.1 (1.3) | 5.1 (2.4) | −5.3 (3.9) | 4.1 (5.2) | 2.3 (3.5) | 8.6 (4.9) |
| Triquetrum | ||||||||
| Cut dorsal | −0.1 (1.0) | −2.7(1.5) | 1.6 (2.7) | 4.0 (1.9) | −0.6 (1.5) | 0.0 (2.7) | 0.1 (1.6) | 2.4 (2.4) |
| Cut palmar | 1.3 (1.3) | −4.2 (2.5) | 0.2 (2.5) | 5.3 (2.1) | −0.9 (1.4) | 1.8 (1.0) | 0.1 (0.7) | 2.5 (1.3) |
| CCS | −4.3 (2.8) | −0.5 (7.6) | 1.5 (5.3) | 9.6 (4.1) | −4.1 (6.3) | 3.0 (4.9) | 4.9 (4.5) | 9.6 (5.4) |
| BLB graft | −1.5 (2.8) | −4.6 (4.8) | −0.2 (4.0) | 7.6 (3.1) | −5.8 (3.2) | 4.9 (5.4) | 3.8 (5.6) | 10.1 (5.5) |
| Capitate | ||||||||
| Cut dorsal | −2.0 (2.1) | −1.4 (3.0) | 5.4 (5.5) | 7.9 (3.8) | −1.2 (2.5) | 0.4 (5.6) | −0.1 (1.8) | 4.1 (4.9) |
| Cut palmar | 0.2 (1.5) | −3.1 (2.7) | 1.8 (5.2) | 6.3 (2.6) | −0.4 (1.1) | 2.6 (2.2) | 0.4 (1.2) | 3.3 (1.8) |
| CCS | −2.7 (1.5) | 0.5 (4.0) | 1.6 (5.7) | 7.0 (2.8) | −6.1 (2.8) | 6.1 (3.8) | 2.4 (3.1) | 9.5 (4.2) |
| BLB graft | 0.0 (4.8) | −5.0 (1.5) | 1.9 (6.8) | 8.4 (4.6) | −3.7 (2.6) | 4.0 (6.8) | 2.4 (2.6) | 8.7 (3.6) |
| MC3 | ||||||||
| Cut dorsal | −2.1 (2.2) | −1.5 (3.3) | 6.3 (6.3) | 9.0 (4.1) | −1.7 (3.6) | 0.2 (6.8) | −0.3 (2.7) | 4.9 (6.3) |
| Cut palmar | −0.2 (1.6) | −4.0 (2.4) | 2.0 (6.1) | 7.2 (3.3) | −0.5 (1.5) | 2.8 (2.7) | 0.8 (1.3) | 3.7 (2.3) |
| CCS | −2.6 (1.7) | 0.5 (4.3) | 2.2 (6.6) | 7.8 (3.3) | −5.7 (2.7) | 4.4 (4.1) | 2.1 (2.4) | 8.2 (3.7) |
| BLB graft | −1.5 (1.8) | −4.8 (1.7) | 0.5 (6.7) | 7.9 (3.4) | −3.3 (2.6) | 1.1 (7.5) | 1.7 (2.1) | 7.9 (3.6) |
∗
Data are shown in degrees as mean (SD). Bold numbers indicate statistically significant differences compared with the intact state. For the x axes, positive values indicate pronation and negative values, supination. For the y axes, positive values indicate flexion and negative values, extension. For the z axes, positive values indicate ulnar deviation and negative values, radial deviation.