Table 2.
Transports used by bioactive peptides after absorption.
| Transport | Transport characteristics | Characteristics of the transported bioactive peptides | Examples of transported bioactive peptides | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paracellular transport | -Passive transport -Mediated by tight barrier |
-Hydrophilic -Neutral or negative charge -Oligopeptides |
VPP LSW GLLLPH and YFCLT |
(Ding, Wang, Zhang, Yu, & Liu, 2018, Satake et al., 2002, Lin et al., 2017) |
| Passive transcellular diffusion | -Passive transport -Passive uptake into cells -Basolateral secretion |
-Hydrophobic -Positive charge |
Asp-angiotensin I (nonapeptide) | (Chua, Jois, Sim, & Go, 2004) |
| PepT1 | -Active transport -H+/Na + exchanger |
-High hydrophobicity -Neutral charge -Short-chain |
IPP LKP IQW |
(Gleeson, Brayden, & Ryan, 2017, Xu et al., 2017) |
| Transcytosis | -Active transport -Diffusion through the apical and basolateral membranes -Transcytotic transport via internalized vesicles |
-High hydrophobicity -Long-chain |
AHLL VLPVPQK and YPFPG |
(Li et al., 2017, Vig et al., 2006) |