Table 1.
The objectives and characteristics of pHealth ecosystems as well as the methodologies/technologies for meeting them (28).
| Objective | Characteristics | Methodologies/technologies |
|---|---|---|
| Provision of health services everywhere anytime | • Openness • Distribution • Mobility • Pervasiveness • Ubiquity |
• Wearable and implantable sensors and actuators • Pervasive sensor, actuator and network connectivity • Embedded intelligence • Context-awareness |
| Individualization of the system according to status, context, needs, expectations, wishes, environments, etc., of the subject of care | • Flexibility • Scalability • Cognition • Affect and Behavior • Autonomy • Adaptability • Self-organization • Subject of care involvement • Subject of care centralization |
• Personal and environmental data integration and analytics • Service integration • Context-awareness • Knowledge integration • Process and decision intelligence • Presentation layer for all actors • Affective and cognition-aware computing |
| Integration of different actors from different disciplines/do-mains (incl. the participation/ empowerment of the subject of care), using their own languages, methodologies, terminologies, ontologies, thereby meeting any behavioral aspects, rules and regulations | • Architectural framework • End-user interoperability • Management and harmonization of multiple domains including policy domains |
• Terminology and ontology management and harmonization • Knowledge harmonization • Language transformation/ translation |
| Usability and acceptability of pHealth solutions | • Preparedness of the individual subject of care Security, privacy and trust framework • Consumerism • Subject of care empowerment • Subject of care as manager • Information based assessment and selection of services, service quality and safety as well as trustworthiness • Lifestyle improvement and Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) services |
• Tool-based ontology management • Individual terminologies • Individual ontologies • Tool-based enhancement of individual knowledge and skills • Human Centered Design of solutions • User Experience Evaluation • Trust calculation services |