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. 2022 Mar 7;9:802487. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.802487

Table 3.

Interoperability levels of the comprehensive interoperability schema.

Information perspective Organizational perspective
Interoperability level Instances Interoperability level
Technical interoperability (0) Technical plug&play, signal- & protocol compatibility Light-weight interactions
Structural interoperability (1) Simple EDI, envelopes Information sharing
Syntactic interoperability (1) Messages and clinical documents with agreed upon vocabulary
Semantic interoperability (2) Advanced messaging with common information models and terminologies Coordination
Organizations/Service interoperability (3) Common business process Agreed Cooperation
Knowledge-based interoperability (4) Multi-domain processes Cross-domain Cooperation
Skills-based interoperability (5) Multi-domain individual engagement Moderated end-user collaboration

The numbers in the brackets correspond to those in the interoperability schema (Figure 1) (32).