Table 1.
Weighted and Age-Standardized Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies by Gender, Sociodemographic Characteristics, and Medical History in 3 Consecutive Population-Based Surveys at 3-Month Intervals, Conakry, Guinea, 2020–2021
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | First Survey | Second Survey | Third Survey |
P Values for Comparisons Over Time |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, No. | Seropositive Participants | Participants, No. | Seropositive Participants | Participants, No. | Seropositive Participants | ||||||||||
| No. (%) | 95% CI | P Value | No. (%) | 95% CI | P Value | No. (%) | 95% CI | P Value | S1 vs S2 | S1 vs S3 | S2 vs S3 | ||||
| Age, y | .096 | <.0001 | <.001 | ||||||||||||
| 0–19 | 190 (35.5) | 35 (18.9) | 12.1–28.4 | 597 (50.0) | 138 (23.1) | 19.3–27.5 | 516 (48.1) | 183 (35.5) | 31.3–39.8 | .224 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| 20–39 | 133 (24.9) | 15 (11.3) | 6.6–18.7 | 309 (25.9) | 98 (31.7) | 25.8–38.3 | 298 (27.8) | 138 (46.3) | 40.8–51.9 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| ≥40 | 212 (39.6) | 48 (22.6) | 16.3–30.6 | 289 (24.2) | 126 (43.6) | 36.5–51.0 | 258 (24.1) | 152 (58.9) | 52.6–64.9 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| Gender | .072 | .830 | .621 | ||||||||||||
| Female | 304 (56.8) | 64 (20.1) | 13.5–28.9 | 657 (55.0) | 201 (29.2) | 25.1–33.6 | 634 (59.1) | 274 (41.8) | 37.9–45.9 | .003 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| Male | 231 (43.2) | 35 (13.6) | 9.0–20.0 | 538 (45.0) | 161 (28.7) | 24.9–32.9 | 438 (40.9) | 199 (43.3) | 38.5–48.2 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| Marital status | .636 | <.0001 | <.001 | ||||||||||||
| Single | 223 (46.8) | 32 (12.9) | 8.7–18.7 | 768 (64.4) | 195 (29.3) | 24.2–35.1 | 651 (60.7) | 253 (43.8) | 38.9–48.9 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| Married/as a couple | 194 (40.8) | 38 (6.6) | 4.0–10.9 | 354 (29.7) | 136 (43.2) | 19.4–70.6 | 369 (34.4) | 196 (46.2) | 26.5–67.2 | <.0001 | <.0001 | .417 | |||
| Divorced/separated/widow(er) | 59 (12.4) | 15 (4.3) | 2.5–7.3 | 70 (5.9) | 31 (21.5) | 10.2–39.9 | 52 (4.9) | 24 (22.1) | 12.1–36.9 | .005 | .005 | .937 | |||
| Education | .370 | .072 | .003 | ||||||||||||
| Primary school | 144 (27.2) | 22 (13.5) | 7.1–24.1 | 434 (36.5) | 124 (29.7) | 23.3–37.0 | 402 (37.7) | 151 (38.6) | 32.6–45.0 | <.0001 | <.0001 | .007 | |||
| Secondary school | 197 (37.2) | 35 (17.9) | 12.0–26.0 | 366 (30.8) | 115 (28.8) | 23.8–34.4 | 287 (26.9) | 145 (50.1) | 42.5–57.7 | .004 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| University | 90 (17.0) | 13 (5.6) | 3.8–8.1 | 157 (13.2) | 58 (34.9) | 29.0–41.4 | 135 (12.7) | 71 (23.3) | 19.3–27.9 | <.001 | <.0001 | .030 | |||
| None | 98 (18.5) | 27 (21.0) | 8.7–42.7 | 233 (19.6) | 64 (22.4) | 18.1–27.5 | 241 (22.6) | 101 (31.0) | 29.3–41.7 | .779 | .063 | .035 | |||
| Households size | .315 | .746 | .226 | ||||||||||||
| ≤6 | 192 (35.9) | 29 (12.6) | 6.2–23.8 | 286 (24.8) | 93 (26.8) | 20.5–34.1 | 215 (20.0) | 101 (42.9) | 35.0–51.2 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| 7–13 | 192 (35.9) | 40 (17.8) | 12.6–24.5 | 373 (32.4) | 108 (28.0) | 23.8–32.8 | 334 (31.1) | 160 (46.0) | 39.5–52.7 | .008 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| ≥13 | 151 (28.2) | 30 (20.5) | 11.7–33.4 | 492 (42.7) | 150 (30.3) | 25.7–35.4 | 524 (48.8) | 213 (41.1) | 36.7–45.5 | .019 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| No. of symptoms | .636 | .203 | .098 | ||||||||||||
| No | 95 (17.8) | 20 (19.9) | 10.0–35.7 | 367 (30.7) | 120 (32.7) | 27.5–38.4 | 468 (43.6) | 190 (40.5) | 36.9–44.2 | .015 | <.0001 | .021 | |||
| 1–2 symptoms | 178 (33.3) | 32 (15.0) | 10.0–21.8 | 390 (32.6) | 109 (26.5) | 22.7–30.6 | 289 (26.9) | 141 (45.6) | 39.0–52.4 | .002 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| 3–5 symptoms | 168 (31.4) | 29 (18.4) | 11.6–27.9 | 344 (28.8) | 105 (27.2) | 23.0–31.8 | 261 (24.3) | 120 (44.0) | 38.1–50.0 | .029 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| ≥5 symptoms | 94 (17.6) | 18 (18.4) | 10.8–29.5 | 94 (7.9) | 28 (28.1) | 20.0–37.8 | 55 (5.1) | 23 (37.3) | 26.8–49.2 | .115 | .011 | .243 | |||
| Hospitalization | .141 | .912 | .160 | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 18 (4.0) | 4 (27.7) | 12.1–51.5 | 16 (2.0) | 5 (25.3) | 10.8–48.7 | 8 (1.3) | 5 (70.9) | 34.0–92.0 | .874 | .039 | .032 | |||
| No | 427 (96.0) | 75 (15.7) | 12.4–20.8 | 797 (98.0) | 234 (27.1) | 24.1–30.3 | 592 (98.7) | 276 (43.9) | 39.4–48.5 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
| Overall | 535 | 99 (17.3) | 12.4–23.8 | 1195 | 362 (28.9) | 25.6–32.4 | 1073 | 474 (42.4) | 39.5–45.3 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
S1: first survey (December 2020); S2: second survey (March–April 2021); S3: third survey (June 2021).
Abbreviation: SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.