Table 1.
Distribution of Pathogens in Bloodstream Infections in Patients With and Without COVID-19, 2019–2020
| Characteristic | 2020 | 2019 | 2019 vs 2020 COVID-19 (+) | 2019 vs 2020 COVID-19 (-) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 (-) (n = 79), No. (%) | COVID-19 (+) (n = 101), No. (%) | P Value | Pre-COVID-19 (n = 117), No. (%) | P Value | P Value | |
| Organisms | <.001 | <.001 | .102 | |||
| Gram-positive | ||||||
| Overalla | 23 (29.1) | 21 (20.8) | .197 | 36 (30.8) | .095 | .804 |
| Enterococcus spp. | 10 (12.7) | 12 (11.9)c | .874 | 16 (13.7) | .693 | .837 |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 4 (5.1) | 5 (5.0) | 9 (7.7) | |||
| Enterococcus faecium | 6 (7.6) | 7 (6.9) | 7 (6.0) | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 13 (16.5) | 9 (8.9)d | 20 (17.1) | |||
| Gram-negative | ||||||
| Overall | 26 (32.9) | 11 (10.9) | <.001 | 35 (29.9) | <.001 | .657 |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Enterobacter cloacae | 5 (6.3) | 1 (1.0) | 5 (4.3) | |||
| Escherichia coli | 8 (10.1) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (7.7) | |||
| Klebsiella spp. | 8 (10.1) | 4 (4.0) | 13 (11.2) | |||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 3 (3.8) | 2 (2.0) | 3 (2.6) | |||
| Morganella morganii | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | |||
| Proteus mirabilis | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | |||
| Serratia marcescens | 0 (0.0) | 3 (3.0) | 3 (2.6) | |||
| Candida spp. | ||||||
| Overall | 18 (22.8) | 49 (48.5) | <.001 | 18 (22.8) | <.001 | .189 |
| Candida albicans | 3 (3.8) | 11 (10.9) | 9 (7.7) | |||
| Candida glabrata | 2 (2.5) | 1 (1.0) | 5 (4.3) | |||
| Candida parapsilosis | 2 (2.5) | 3 (3.0) | 1 (0.9) | |||
| Other Candida spp. | 2 (2.5) | 1 (1.0) | 3 (2.6) | |||
| T2Candidab | 8 (10.1) | 32 (31.7) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Candida albicans/Candida tropicalis | 2 (2.5) | 24 (23.8) | ||||
| Candida parasilopsis | 2 (2.5) | 5 (4.95) | ||||
| Candida glabrata/Candida kruseii | 1 (1.3) | 3 (2.97) | ||||
| Anaerobes | ||||||
| Bacteroides spp. | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | — | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Polymicrobial infectionc | 9 (11.4) | 11 (10.9) | .915 | 17 (14.5) | .423 | .525 |
| Multiple infectiond | 2 (2.5) | 9 (8.9) | .076 | 10 (8.5) | .924 | .085 |
Two-sided Pearson χ2 tests were used to determine P values. Bold formatting indicates statistical significance where the chance of a type I error is 5% or less.
Abbreviation: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.
Six Enterococcus were vancomycin-resistant; 1 S. aureus was methicillin-resistant.
T2Candida positivity in 2019 was only observed in polymicrobial or multiple infections.
Defined as isolation of >1 microorganism from blood within 72 hours.
Defined as isolation of >1 microorganism from blood after 72 hours.