Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with ALRI according to age and severity (n = 570)
| Total N (%) | Age category (%) | Case category (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–11 months old | 1–5 years old | 6–12 years old | Non-severe cases | Severe cases | Fatal cases | |||
| Total N (%) | 570 | 381 (67) | 178 (31) | 11 (2) | 463 (81) | 107 (19) | 28 (5) | |
| Characteristics | Median age [months] [IQR] | 8.0 [4.0–15.0] | 5.0 [3.0–8.0] | 20.0 [15.0–31.0] | 84.0 [78.5–102.0] | 8.0 [4.0–16.0] | 8.0 [3.0–12.0] | 7.0 [3.0–21.0] |
| Male | 322 (56) | 221 (58) | 94 (53) | 7 (64) | 274 (59) | 48 (45) | 11 (39) | |
| Weight-for-age Z score | ||||||||
| Severe (< − 3) | 66 (12) | 40 (10) | 24 (13) | 2 (18) | 53 (11) | 13 (12) | 7 (25) | |
| Moderate (≥ − 3 to < − 2) | 72 (13) | 38 (10) | 32 (18) | 2 (18) | 59 (13) | 13 (12) | 4 (14) | |
| Normal (≥ − 2) | 432 (76) | 303 (80) | 122 (69) | 7 (64) | 351 (76) | 81 (76) | 17 (61) | |
| Underling diseases | 73 (13) | 43 (11) | 29 (16) | 1 (9) | 48 (10) | 25 (23) | 10 (36) | |
| Smoker in family | 243 (43) | 163 (43) | 75 (42) | 5 (45) | 183 (40) | 60 (56) | 15 (54) | |
| Immunization | DPT | 422 (74) | 259 (68) | 154 (87) | 9 (82) | 354 (76) | 68 (64) | 14 (50) |
| Hib | 374 (66) | 235 (62) | 132 (74) | 7 (64) | 314 (68) | 60 (56) | 11 (39) | |
| BCG | 460 (81) | 295 (77) | 157 (88) | 8 (73) | 387 (84) | 73 (68) | 14 (50) | |
| MR | 138 (24) | 33 (9) | 99 (56) | 6 (55) | 115 (25) | 23 (22) | 6 (21) | |
| PCV | 264 (46) | 165 (43) | 95 (53) | 4 (36) | 223 (48) | 41 (38) | 9 (32) | |
| None | 72 (13) | 61 (16) | 11 (6) | 1 (9) | 48 (10) | 24 (22) | 9 (32) | |
| History | Sick contact | 65 (11) | 44 (12) | 20 (11) | 1 (9) | 51 (11) | 14 (13) | 5 (18) |
| Symptoms onset [Days] [IQR] | 3.0 [1.5–4.0] | 3.0 [2.0–4.0] | 2.0 [1.0–4.0] | 3.0 [2.3–4.8] | 2.0 [1.0–4.0] | 3.0 [2.0–4.0] | 4.0 [2.0–6.0] | |
| Symptoms | Cough | 534 (94) | 357 (94) | 168 (94) | 9 (82) | 432 (93) | 102 (95) | 26 (93) |
| Difficult breathing | 415 (73) | 287 (75) | 121 (68) | 7 (64) | 324 (70) | 91 (85) | 28 (100) | |
| Rhinorrhea | 247 (43) | 161 (42) | 82 (46) | 4 (36) | 205 (44) | 42 (39) | 16 (57) | |
All categorical data are presented as numbers (percentage, %). Continuous data are presented as median (interquartile range)
ALRI acute lower respiratory infection, Total N total number, IQR interquartile range, DPT a combination vaccine of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus, Hib Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, BCG Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine, MR Measles-rubella vaccine, PCV pneumococcal conjugate vaccines