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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 8.
Published in final edited form as: J Int Phon Assoc. 2020 Jul 28;52(1):95–121. doi: 10.1017/s0025100320000079

Table 2:

Coverage by category for JIPA.

Consonant
categories
Coverage Vowel
categories
Coverage Suprasegmental
categories
Coverage
VOT 12% Formants 34% Stress 25%
Closure duration 10% Dispersion 25% Length 7%
Voicing 15% Additional features 17% Tone or Pitch accent 26%
Formant transitions 2% Duration 26% Intonation 16%
Fricative spectra 2% Intensity 1% Interactions 16%
Fricative duration 3% Interactions 18% Other 0%
Burst 8% Other 0%
Preaspiration 2%
Sonorants 18%
Other 0%