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. 2019 Sep 19;2(3):710–743. doi: 10.20517/cdr.2019.31

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© The Author(s) 2019.

© The Author(s) 2019. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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The inward-facing exporter binds substrate (D, drug) from the cytoplasm or the inner leaflet of the bilayer. After binding two molecules of MgATP, the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) dimerize and switch the transmembrane domain (TMDs) from the inward- to the outward-facing conformation, followed by the release of the drug to the extracellular environment. ATP hydrolysis, ADP/Pi release and NBD dissociation reset the transporter to the inward-facing conformation. The figure is quoted with permission from Wilkens^[47].