Table 1.
Clinical trials where EMP targets are being evaluated in combination with ICB targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis
| Target | Drug name | Type | Cancer type | Latest phase* | Clinical trial number** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TGF-βRI | Vactosertib + durvalumab | Selective TKI | Urothelial | II | NCT04064190 |
| TGF-βRI | LY3200882 | Selective TKI | Advanced cancer | II | NCT04158700 |
| PD-L1/TGF-βRII | Bintrafusp-alfa | AntiPD-L1/TGFbetaRII fusion protein | NSCLC | III | NCT03631706 |
| Biliary tract | III | NCT04066491 | |||
| Cervical | II | NCT04246489 | |||
| (TYRO3, AXL, MER)/KIT/VEGFR2 | Sitravatinib | Pan-TKI | NSCLC | III | NCT03906071 |
| ccRCC | II | NCT03680521 | |||
| Urothelial | II | NCT03606174 | |||
| c-MET/VEGFR2/AXL/RET | Cabozantinib | Pan-TKI | RCC | III | NCT03937219 |
| AXL | Bemcentinib | Selective TKI | NSCLC | II | NCT03184571 |
| Mesothelioma | II | NCT03654833 | |||
| Breast cancer | II | NCT03184558 | |||
| Melanoma | II | NCT02872259 |
*Only phase II or later trials are shown. Trials designated as phase I/II are listed as latest phase = II; **Trial identifiers and associated information obtained from www.clinicaltrials.gov. TKIs: tyrosine kinase inhibitors; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-beta; PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1