Table 1.

miRNAs involved in chemo-resistance in various cancer and their targets

Chemotherapy agent	Target	Tumor	miRNAs	Ref.
Anthracyclines	MDR1	SCLC	miR-7	[77]
Temozolomide	MDR1/ABCG2	Glioblastoma	miR-9	[78]
Paclitaxel	PTEN, p-gp/ABCB1	Ovary, NSCLC	miR-17-5p, miR-145, miR-181a	[79-81]
Trastuzumab	PTEN, PDCD4	Breast	miR-21	[82]
Epriubicin	ABCG2	Breast	miR-25	[83]
Doxorubicin	P-gp, MRP1/ABCC1	Gastric, Brest	miR-103/107, miR-134	[84,85]
Adriamycin	MDR1/MRP1	Glioma	miR-127	[86]
Vincristine/cisplatin	ABCB1	Gastric	miR-129-5p	[87]
5-fluorouracil	ABCB1, P-gp/ABCB1, ABCG2	Gastric, Colorectal	miR-129-5p, miR-508-5p, miR-519c	[87-89]
Cisplatin	PTEN, MDR1/MRP1, Cyclin D1, GRB2, ERK2, RSK1, RSK2	NSCLC, Ovary	miR-181a, miR-196a, miR-634	[81,90,91]
5-fluorouracilmitomycin C	P-gp/ABCB1	Colorectal	miR-200c	[92]
Vincristine/oxaliplatin/cisplatin	P-gp/ABCB1	Colorectal, Gastric	miR-200c, miR-508-5p	[88,92]
Bortezomib	BAFF	Multiple myeloma	miR-202	[93]
Thalidomide	BAFF	Multiple myeloma	miR-202	[93]
Dexamethasone	BAFF	Multiple myeloma	miR-202	[93]
Tamoxifen	PTEN	Breast	miR-217	[94]
Lapatinib	PTEN	Breast	miR-217	[94]
Etoposide	PTEN	Breast	miR-217	[94]
Melphalan	MRP1/ABCC1	Multiple myeloma	miR-221/222	[95]
EGFR inhibitors	KRAS, AKT1	NSCLC		[96]

MDR: Multidrug resistance protein 1; SCLC: small cell lung cancer; ABCG2: ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; p-gp: P-glycoprotein 1; ABCB1: ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1; PDCD4: programmed cell death 4; MRP1: multidrug resistance-associated protein 1; ABCC1: ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1; GRB2: growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; ERK2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2; RSK1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1; RSK2: ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2; BAFF: B-cell-activating factor of the tumor-necrosis-factor family; KRAS: Kirsten rat sarcoma 2; AKT1: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor