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. 2022 Feb 28;32(1):10416. doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10416

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Fig 1. — Denervation in age-related sarcopenia and effects of exercise on reinnervation. Defects in neuromuscular junctions and loss of motoneurons occurring with aging decrease the number and size of type 2 fibers and, to a lesser extent, type 1 fibers, ultimately leading to decreased muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia). Exercise favors the sprouting of surviving motor fibers which innervate the orphan muscle fibers, enlarging type 1 motor units. Repeated cycles of denervation and re-innervation eventually lead to changes in fiber-type composition, with a proportional increase in type I fibers and grouping. Created with BioRender.com