Table 4.
Changes in Causes of Hospital Admissions by Group and Pandemic Period (2020 vs 2019)1
| Outcomes | Group | Peak1 | Re-opening2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rate ratio (95% CI)3 | Interaction P-value4 | Rate ratio (95% CI)3 | Interaction P-value4 | ||
| Diabetes | IRHH |
0.93 (0.85–1.02) |
Ref |
0.95 (0.87–1.03) |
Ref |
| Matched5 |
0.65 (0.62–0.69) |
<0.001 |
0.93 (0.88–0.98) |
0.702 | |
| Housed |
0.58 (0.58–0.59) |
<0.001 |
0.90 (0.89–0.91) |
0.230 | |
| Heart disease | IRHH |
0.98 (0.88–1.10) |
Ref |
1.10 (0.99–1.21) |
Ref |
| Matched5 |
0.77 (0.72–0.83) |
<0.001 |
0.90 (0.83–0.96) |
<0.001 | |
| Housed |
0.72 (0.71–0.73) |
<0.001 |
0.96 (0.94–0.97) |
0.008 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | IRHH |
1.10 (0.82–1.48) |
Ref |
1.17 (0.86–1.59) |
Ref |
| Matched5 |
0.90 (0.73–1.13) |
0.291 |
1.07 (0.88–1.30) |
0.639 | |
| Housed |
0.87 (0.84–0.90) |
0.123 |
1.01 (0.98–1.04) |
0.362 | |
| Influenza and Pneumonia | IRHH |
1.11 (0.97–1.28) |
Ref |
0.92 (0.79–1.08) |
Ref |
| Matched5 |
0.82 (0.73–0.93) |
0.001 |
1.03 (0.90–1.19) |
0.287 | |
| Housed |
0.82 (0.80–0.84) |
<0.001 |
0.84 (0.82–0.86) |
0.198 | |
| Chronic lower respiratory disease | IRHH |
1.10 (0.98–1.24) |
Ref |
1.11 (0.99–1.25) |
Ref |
| Matched5 |
0.69 (0.61–0.78) |
<0.001 |
0.76 (0.67–0.86) |
<0.001 | |
| Housed |
0.63 (0.62–0.65) |
<0.001 |
0.79 (0.77–0.80) |
<0.001 | |
| Liver disease | IRHH |
0.98 (0.83–1.17) |
Ref |
1.44 (1.23–1.69) |
Ref |
| Matched5 |
0.73 (0.63–0.85) |
0.01 |
0.87 (0.76–0.99) |
0.04 | |
| Housed |
0.71 (0.68–0.73) |
<0.001 |
1.02 (0.99–1.05) |
<0.001 | |
| Kidney disease | IRHH |
1.03 (0.90–1.18) |
Ref |
1.29 (1.14–1.47) |
Ref |
| Matched5 |
0.90 (0.82–0.99) |
0.105 |
1.07 (0.98–1.18) |
0.02 | |
| Housed |
0.90 (0.88–0.91) |
0.04 |
1.08 (1.06–1.09) |
0.006 | |
| Skin and soft tissue infection | IRHH |
1.10 (0.97–1.24) |
Ref |
1.09 (0.98–1.23) |
Ref |
| Matched5 |
0.78 (0.66–0.91) |
<0.001 |
1.15 (1.00–1.33) |
0.590 | |
| Housed |
0.64 (0.62–0.66) |
<0.001 |
0.91 (0.88–0.93) |
0.002 | |
| Trauma | IRHH |
0.89 (0.79–1.01) |
Ref |
1.19 (1.07–1.32) |
Ref |
| Matched5 |
0.75 (0.67–0.84) |
0.04 |
0.96 (0.88–1.06) |
0.004 | |
| Housed |
0.77 (0.75–0.78) |
0.02 |
1.03 (1.02–1.05) |
<0.001 | |
Bolded results are significant at the P<0.05 level
1Peak pandemic period: March 17, 2020, to June 16, 2020, versus equivalent 2019 weeks
2Re-opening period: June 17, 2020, to September 26, 2020, versus equivalent 2019 weeks
3Rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals estimated using Poisson regression models including an interaction term between group and year
4Interaction between group (IRHH vs housed individuals or IRHH vs matched housed individuals) and year (2020 versus 2019)
5Housed Ontarians residing in lowest income quintile neighborhoods with a recent hospital-based health care encounter matched to IRHH (5:1) on age, sex, level of rurality, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score.