Table 3.
Preventive Health care Utilization Among Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder, and General Population Controls, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2012
| Preventive service | ASD (N = 1507), n (%) | ADHD (N = 9042), n (%) | GP (N = 15070), n (%) | ASD vs. ADHD adjusted OR a (95% CI) | ASD vs. GP adjusted OR a (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seasonal influenza vaccination | 659 (43.7) | 2380 (26.3) | 3487 (23.1) | 2.3 (2.1–2.7) | 2.6 (2.3–2.9) |
| Cholesterol screening (age ≥40)b | 48 (24.1) | 206 (15.9) | 345 (14.8) | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) |
| Diabetes screening (age ≥45)c | 80 (29.4) | 308 (18.3) | 512 (18.5) | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) |
| Prostate cancer screening (male age ≥40)d | 37 (14.0) | 179 (11.3) | 314 (11.9) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) |
| Cervical cancer screening (female age ≥21)e | 82 (20.3) | 674 (28.2) | 1166 (29.2) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) |
| Breast cancer screening (female age ≥40)f | 56 (43.1) | 331 (42.4) | 573 (43.7) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) |
Adjusted for gender, age, race/ethnicity, total length of KPNC membership, and nine categories of medical and psychiatric comorbidities (immune conditions, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, neurological disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, sleep disorders, psychiatric conditions, nutritional conditions, and endocrine conditions) identified with diagnosis codes for the primary and secondary reasons for visit.
Cholesterol screening defined by ICD-9 (V77.91, V70.0) and CPT4 (80061, 82465, 83718, 83719, 83721, 84478, 36415, 36416).
Diabetes screening defined by ICD-9 (V77.1, V70.0) and CPT4 (82947, 82948, 82950, 82951, 82952, 84520, 83036, 36415, 36416).
Prostate cancer screening defined by ICD-9 (V76.44, V70.0) and CPT4 (84152, 84153, 84154).
Cervical cancer screening defined by ICD-9 (V76.2, V72.31, V70.0) and laboratory report data.
Breast cancer screening defined by ICD-9 (V76.12, V76.11, V72.31, V70.0) and CPT4 (77057, 76092, 76083).