. 2019 Sep 11;1(3):182–193. doi: 10.1089/aut.2018.0038

Table 3.

Univariate Regression Analyses to Predict Loneliness on UCLA 8-Item Loneliness Scale in Autistic and Nonautistic Groups

	Autistic (n = 220)				Nonautistic (n = 108)
	B	95% CI	p	R²	B	95% CI	p	R²
Social structural characteristics
Gender
Female	0.168	−1.28 to 1.61	0.819		1.933	−0.18 to 4.05	0.073	0.024
Other	0.651	−2.71 to 4.01	0.703	0.001
Relationship status	−0.992	−2.39 to 0.41	0.163	0.010	—	−3.02 to 0.86	0.273	0.009
With partner					1.081
Age, years	0.021	−0.26 to 0.08	0.461	0.003	0.029	−0.04 to 0.09	0.401	0.007
Living arrangement		−2.39 to 0.76				−4.01 to 0.51	0.128	0.018
With partner, family, or others	−0.812		0.311	0.006	−1.750
Autism severity
Total AQ score	0.104	0.04–0.17	0.003^**	0.045	0.195	0.13–0.26	<0.001^***	0.228
Social behavior
Social skill	0.446	0.27–0.62	<0.001^***	0.113	0.562	0.41–0.71	<0.001^***	0.311
Routine	1.475	0.18–2.77	0.026^*	0.025	2.016	0.44–3.59	0.012^*	0.047
Switching	1.482	0.18–2.78	0.025^*	0.024	2.975	1.67–4.28	<0.001^***	0.145
Imagination	0.931	−0.30 to 2.16	0.137	0.012	2.494	0.64–4.34	0.009^**	0.059
Factor numbers and patterns	0.045	−0.17 to 0.26	0.682	0.001	0.281	0.02–0.54	0.034^*	0.035
Employment status	−1.446	−2.86 to −0.03	0.045^*	0.020	—	−3.15 to 1.05	0.325	0.009
Employed					1.049
Characteristics of social network
Frequency of contact with family	−0.742	−1.16 to −0.32	0.001^**	0.058	−1.180	−1.84 to −0.52	0.001^**	0.087
Frequency of contact with friends	−1.1520	−1.55 to −0.75	<0.001^***	0.135	−1.591	−2.24 to −0.94	<0.001^***	0.166
No. of support persons SSQN score	−1.238	−1.59 to −0.88	<0.001^***	0.192	−1.107	−1.47 to −0.75	<0.001^***	0.226
Cognitive appraisal of social network
Satisfaction with support persons SSQS score	−2.106	−2.53 to −1.68	<0.001^***	0.324	−3.542	−4.42 to −2.66	<0.001^***	0.377
Personality characteristics
Depression (PHQ-9)	0.301	0.21–0.39	<0.001^***	0.174	0.453	0.28–0.63	<0.001^***	0.180
Anxiety (DSM-5)	0.216	0.14–0.29	<0.001^***	0.129	0.340	0.19–0.49	<0.001^***	0.148
Self-efficacy (NGSE)	−1.291	−1.99 to −0.58	<0.001^***	0.059	−1.756	−3.26 to −0.25	0.023^*	0.039

^{^*}

p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001.