Table 3.

Effects of different concentrations of GR24 on glandular trichome attributes, artemisinin content, and yield in Artemisia annua

Treatments/Parameters	Average length of trichomes (μm)	Average width of trichomes (μm)	Average trichome area (μm2)	Trichome density (mm−2)	Artemisinin content (µg g−1 DW)	Artemisinin yield (g plant−1 DW)
Control	51.11 ± 0.19e	30.14 ± 0.16d	1540.73 ± 12.8e	31.12 ± 0.60d	560.84 ± 1.88e	0.045 ± 0.001d
0.5 µM	52.64 ± 0.37d	31.31 ± 0.44c,d	1648.15 ± 16.5d	33.20 ± 0.71c	677.23 ± 2.46d	0.047 ± 0.003d
1 µM	53.52 ± 0.58c,d	32.14 ± 0.53b,c	1720.13 ± 47.4c,d	34.93 ± 0.95b	694.54 ± 2.84c	0.054 ± 0.005c
2 µM	54.36 ± 0.51b,c	32.76 ± 0.27b	1780.83 ± 31.3b,c	35.86 ± 1.05b	711.67 ± 3.66b	0.058 ± 0.005b
4 µM	55.75 ± 0.40a	34.52 ± 0.57a	1924.49 ± 28.3a	37.84 ± 1.22a	728.96 ± 6.02a	0.068 ± 0.007a
8 µM	55.18 ± 0.38a,b	33.25 ± 0.52a,b	1834.73 ± 36.4a,b	36.46 ± 0.76a,b	727.19 ± 3.72a	0.060 ± 0.004b

Data represent the mean value ± SE from five replicates (n = 5). The different lower case letters represent statistically significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05) according to the Duncan’s multiple range test