Table 1:

Demographics and characteristics of included neonates

	Extremely Preterm Neonatesa (n = 35)		Unpaired T Testb/Fisher Exact Testc
	Female (n = 17)	Male (n = 18)
Neonatal characteristics
GA at birth (weeks+days)d	26 + 0, SD = 1 + 4;R = 23 + 3–27 + 6	26 + 1, SD = 1 + 3;R = 23 + 4–27 + 6	P = .787
Vaginal delivery	n = 3	n = 2	P = .658
Caesarean delivery	n = 14	n = 16	P = .658
Birth weight (g)d	773, SD = 250;R = 480–1500	918, SD = 241;R = 530–1300	P = .091
Singleton pregnancy	n = 10	n = 12	P = .733
Multiple pregnancy	n = 7	n = 6	P = .733
Surfactant received	n = 17	n = 18	P > .999
PMA at MR imaging (weeks+days)d	37 + 4, SD = 2 + 1;R = 34 + 0–43 + 4	37 + 0, SD = 1 + 2;R = 35 + 1–40 + 2	P = .283
Maternal characteristics
Maternal age at delivery (yr)d	33, SD = 5; R = 22–40	30, SD = 6; R = 19–38	P = .145
Presence of pre-eclampsia	n = 5	n = 2	P = .228
Presence of GDM	n = 1	n = 0	P = .486
Presence of IAIe	n = 2	n = 2	P > .999
Neonatal mortality risk
CRIB II scoredd	11, SD = 2; R = 7–16	11, SD = 3; R = 8–17	P = .928
Neonatal diagnosesf
Perinatal asphyxiag	n = 4	n = 6	P = .711
Patent ductus arteriosus	n = 3	n = 0	P = .104
Necrotizing enterocolitis	n = 1	n = 1	P > .999
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia	n = 3	n = 3	P > .999
Retinopathy of prematurity	n = 9	n = 7	P = .505

Note:—CRIB II indicates Clinical Risk Index for Babies II; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IAI, intra-amniotic infection (corioamnionitis).

^aBorn before 28 weeks’ gestation (routine MR imaging of the preterm neonatal brain at approximately term-equivalent age).

^bApplies to metric data.

^cApplies to categoric variables.

^dData presented as mean (SD) and range (R).

^eBased on clinical presentation, placental histology, bacterial culture, and blood markers of inflammation.

^fNeonates could be represented in multiple rows (>1 condition).

^gBased on clinical presentation, Apgar scores, umbilical cord pH, and first blood gas analysis (pH, base excess, and lactate) (absence of asphyxia-induced brain injury).