Table 2.

Accuracy, F1-score and Std. dev. results of validation and test for the COVID-19 dataset

	Validation				Test
	Acc. (mean)	Acc. (max)	F1-score	Std. dev.	Acc. (mean)	Acc. (max)	F1-score	Std. dev.
AlexNet	90.065	93.638	90.254	2.627	87.089	90.601	87.305	2.590
DarkNet-19	93.189	95.269	93.292	1.833	91.149	94.125	91.309	1.526
Inception-v3	89.233	93.964	89.291	3.610	86.436	90.601	86.631	3.171
MobileNet	82.007	86.134	81.716	3.052	81.312	85.248	81.333	2.470
ResNet-18	91.313	93.638	91.418	1.460	88.962	91.253	89.115	1.793
ShuffleNet	88.679	94.454	88.665	4.035	86.449	90.339	86.535	3.075
COVID-CCD-Net (AlexNet)	96.354	97.879	96.460	1.166	96.044	98.172	96.138	0.927
COVID-CCD-Net (DarkNet-19)	97.553	98.532	97.654	0.631	97.369	98.303	97.458	0.496
COVID-CCD-Net (Inception-v3)	95.718	97.553	95.830	1.139	94.791	96.736	94.900	1.736
COVID-CCD-Net (MobileNet)	95.057	97.227	95.179	1.502	94.608	98.042	94.718	1.816
COVID-CCD-Net (ResNet-18)	97.977	98.532	98.063	0.301	98.107	98.695	98.158	0.353
COVID-CCD-Net (ShuffleNet)	96.223	96.900	96.312	0.424	96.730	98.172	96.805	0.623
Quasi-Newton-based AlexNet	94.043	96.574	94.205	4.123	91.879	93.994	92.099	3.038
Quasi-Newton-based DarkNet-19	96.807	97.226	96.914	0.373	94.072	95.430	94.225	1.399
Quasi-Newton-based Inception-v3	94.266	95.432	94.331	0.868	91.051	93.733	91.179	2.554
Quasi-Newton-based MobileNet	93.541	95.595	93.653	1.723	89.713	92.298	89.925	1.990
Quasi-Newton-based ResNet-18	95.834	96.248	95.916	0.511	93.019	94.125	93.124	0.869
Quasi-Newton-based ShuffleNet	95.050	95.759	95.142	1.055	90.551	93.081	90.731	2.336