Table 3.

Study	N	Methods	Standard Definition of Bloodstream Infection Used	Definition of Bloodstream Infection	Antimicrobial Locking Solution	Control	Outcome	Rate/1000 Catheter-Days	P Value	Concerns
Solomon et al. (74)	174	Prospective, cohort study compared with historical controls	No	A single positive blood culture	Taurolidine 1.35%/citrate 4%/heparin 500 U/ml	a) Heparin 5000 U/ml	a1) Bloodstream infection	a1) 1.33 versus 3.25	a1) 0.001	Cost
						b) Taurolidine 1.35%/Citrate 4%
							a2) First use of thrombolytic	a2) RR 1.4 (0.5–3.9)	a2) 0.5
							b1) Blood stream infection	b1) 1.33 versus 1.22	b1) 0.001
							b2) First use of thrombolytic	b2) RR0.2 (0.06 to 0.5)	b2) 0.001
Winnicki et al. (75)	106	Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial	No	A positive bacterial blood culture drawn from the dialysis catheter in a symptomatic patient with fever or chills associated with dialysis and no apparent other source of infection	Taurolidine 1.35%/citrate 4%/heparin 500 U/ml twice a wk with taurolidine 1.35%/citrate 4%/urokinase 25,000 U once a wk	Citrate 4%	a) Bloodstream infection	a) 0.67 versus 2.7	0.003	Cost
							b) Catheter dysfunction	b) 18.7 versus 44.3	0.001
Al-Ali et al. (76)	164	Multicenter, single- blinded, randomized, controlled trial	No	Same organism obtained from blood aspirated through the catheter hub and from blood sample obtained from peripheral vein with no other identifiable cause of infection	Taurolidine 1.35%/citrate 4%/heparin 500 U/ml twice a wk with taurolidine 1.35%/citrate 4%/urokinase 25,000 U once a wk	Taurolidine 1.35%/citrate 4%/heparin 500 U/ml three times a wk	a) Catheter removal for bloodstream infection	a) 0 versus 3	0.08	Cost
							b) Catheter removal for dysfunction	b) 1 versus 4	0.17
							c) Need for tissue plasminogen activator use	c) 5 versus 12	0.61