Table 3.

Adverse events

Event	Hydrochlorothiazide	Placebo	Metformin
Adverse events	13	10	24
Participants with adverse event	6 (46)	5 (38)	9 (69)
Serious adverse events	0	0	0
Adverse event leading to withdrawal	0	0	0
Gastrointestinal	1 (8)	2 (15)	9 (69)a
Nausea	1 (8)	2 (15)	2 (15)
Vomiting	0	0	3 (23)
Diarrhea	0	0	4 (31)
Flatulence	0	0	1 (8)
Eructation	0	0	2 (15)
Decreased appetite	0	0	4 (31)
Bloated feeling	0	0	2 (15)
Stomachache	0	0	1 (8)
Mild hypokalemia, 3.0–3.5 mmol/L	4 (31)	0	0
Severe hypokalemia, <3.0 mmol/L	0	0	0
Hyponatremia	0	0	0
General discomfort	1 (8)	1 (8)	1 (8)
Fatigue	0	1 (8)	0
Headache	1 (8)	1 (8)	1 (8)
Dizziness	1 (8)	1 (8)	0
Dry eyes	0	0	1 (8)
Dry mouth	0	0	1 (8)
Itchy throat	1 (8)	0	0
Laryngitis	0	1 (8)	0
Knee pain	1 (8)	0	0
Peripheral edema	1 (8)	0	0
Kidney pain	1 (8)	0	0
Palpitations	0	1 (8)	0
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation	0	0	1 (8)

Values represent N (percentage).

^aP=0.05 compared with placebo.