Figure 6.

Neurophysiological Mechanisms in Pulmonary Disease and Interaction with Cardiac Function

Schematic showing the knowledge gaps associated with the neurophysiological mechanisms in pulmonary diseases and their interaction with cardiac function. Red arrows denote physiological and pathophysiological interactions. Green arrows denote research implications. G labels (blue) denote the knowledge gaps identified in the main text. CNS = central nervous system; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PAH = pulmonary arterial hypertension.