Table 1.
Baseline and procedural characteristics of the study population.
| Baseline characteristics | All (N = 383) | Alive (N = 328) | Dead (N = 55) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 82.9 ± 7.2 | 83 ± 7.2 | 82.3 ± 7.6 | 0.43 |
| Women | 192 (50.1%) | 168 (51.24%) | 24 (43.7%) | 0.36 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.3 ± 5.9 | 27.2 ± 5.5 | 28 ± 9 | 0.51 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 114 (29.6%) | 95 (28.9%) | 19 (34.6%) | 0.44 |
| Systemic hypertension | 232 (60.3%) | 198 (60.4%) | 34 (61.9%) | 0.71 |
| History of | ||||
| Peripheral artery disease | 59 (15.4%) | 46 (14%) | 13 (23.7%) | 0.11 |
| Chronic kidney disease | ||||
| All | 177 (46%) | 140 (42.7%) | 37 (67.3%) | 0.02 |
| Mild (eGFR 30–59 ml/min) | 152 (39.5%) | 121 (36.9%) | 31 (56.4%) | < 0.01 |
| Severe (eGFR < 30 mL/min) | 20 (5.2%) | 14 (4.3%) | 6 (10.9%) | 0.02 |
| Chronic lung disease | 74 (19.2%) | 62 (18.9%) | 12 (21.9%) | 0.77 |
| Long term oxygen therapy | 6 (1.6%) | 4 (1.2%) | 2 (3.6%) | 0.15 |
| CABG | 47 (12.2%) | 42 (12.8%) | 5 (9.1%) | 0.37 |
| SAVR | 17 (4.4%) | 16 (4.9%) | 1 (1.8%) | 0.31 |
| PCI | 149 (38.7%) | 122 (37.2%) | 27 (49.1%) | 0.15 |
| Stroke | 56 (14.6%) | 47 (14.3%) | 9 (16.4%) | 0.77 |
| Pace maker | 35 (9.1%) | 27 (8.2%) | 8 (14.6%) | 0.26 |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 163 (42.4%) | 136 (41.5%) | 27 (49.1%) | 0.55 |
| Chronic anticoagulation | 166 (43.2%) | 139 (42.4%) | 27 (49.1%) | 0.53 |
| NYHA | ||||
| Class I | 9 (2.34%) | 9 (2.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.08 |
| Class II | 137 (35.6%) | 123 (37.5%) | 14 (25.5%) | 0.04 |
| Class III | 197 (51.2%) | 163 (49.7%) | 34 (61.9%) | 0.02 |
| Class IV | 40 (10.4%) | 33 (10.1) | 7 (12.7%) | 0.18 |
| STS score | 12.3 ± 9.4 | 11.8 ± 8.4 | 14.7 ± 13.5 | 0.03 |
| < 4 | 49 (12.7%) | 47 (14.3%) | 2 (3.6%) | 0.04 |
| 4–8 | 121 (31.5%) | 102 (31.1%) | 19 (34.6%) | 0.26 |
| > 8–5 | 121 (31.5%) | 101 (30.8%) | 14 (25.5%) | 0.03 |
| > 15 | 92 (23.9%) | 72 (21.9%) | 20 (36.4%) | < 0.01 |
| Poor mobility | 31 (8.1%) | 28 (8.5%) | 3 (5.5%) | 0.40 |
| Frailty | 116 (30.2%) | 95 (28.9%) | 21 (38.2%) | 0.20 |
| Wait time (days) | 144.2 ± 83.87 | 140.2 ± 77.5 | 168 ± 113 | 0.01 |
| Baseline echocardiography | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 57.6 ± 11.9 | 57.9 ± 11.8 | 56.2 ± 12.6 | 0.33 |
| LVEF ≤ 30% | 8 (2.1%) | 5 (1.5%) | 3 (5.5%) | < 0.01 |
| Aortic valve area (cm2) | 0.85 ± 0.2 | 0.83 ± 0.23 | 0.92 ± 0.3 | 0.57 |
| Aortic valve gradient (mmHg) | 46.7 ± 13.8 | 46.9 ± 13.5 | 45.7 ± 15.1 | 0.65 |
| Right ventricular failure | 35 (9.1%) | 26 (7.9%) | 9 (16.4%) | 0.03 |
| PASP (mmHg) | 41.9 ± 15.4 | 41.5 ± 15.3 | 44 ± 16.3 | 0.25 |
| TAVR | ||||
| Self-expanding valve | 210 (54.6%) | 179 (54.6%) | 31 (56.4%) | 0.37 |
| Balloon-expandable valve | 173 (45%) | 149 (45.4%) | 24 (43.7%) | 0.44 |
| Access site | ||||
| Femoral | 346 (90%) | 304 (92.3%) | 42 (76.4%) | < 0.01 |
| Sub-Clavian | 5 (1.3%) | 4 (1.2%) | 1 (1.8%) | 0.70 |
| Trans-Aortic | 13 (3.4%) | 11 (3.4%) | 2 (3.6%) | 0.8 |
| Apical | 19 (4.9%) | 9 (2.7%) | 10 (18.2%) | < 0.01 |
CABG coronary artery bypass graft, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA New York Heart Association, PASP Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, SAVR surgical aortic valve replacement, STS Society for thoracic surgeons, TAVR Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.