Table 1.
Demographic Information and Reading Assessments of Adult and Child Participants in the Samples from Training and Test Sets
| n | Mean | SD | Min | Max | p † | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults in Training Set | ||||||
| Age at ARHQ | 97 | 40.521 | 4.863 | 29.05 | 52.77 | |
| Females | 49 | |||||
| Males | 48 | |||||
| ARHQ | 97 | 0.326 | 0.147 | 0.065 | 0.783 | |
| Years of education | 97 | 16.938 | 2.099 | 12 | 22 | |
| Age at Reading Testing | 83 | 42.111 | 5.064 | 30.87 | 54.4 | |
| SWE raw | 83 | 92.554 | 11.426 | 60 | 104 | 0.476 |
| PDE raw | 83 | 49.337 | 8.895 | 23 | 63 | 0.559 |
| WID raw | 81 | 98.889 | 4.569 | 84 | 105 | 0.59 |
| WA raw | 82 | 37.354 | 3.733 | 25 | 45 | 0.093 |
| PC raw | 82 | 61.232 | 3.856 | 47 | 67 | 0.221 |
| Children in Training Set | ||||||
| Age | 47 | 8.253 | 0.435 | 7.51 | 9.75 | |
| Girls | 18 | |||||
| Boys | 29 | |||||
| SES (mother education) | ||||||
| Year of education | 47 | 16.936 | 1.948 | 12 | 22 | |
| SES (family Hollingshead occupation code) | ||||||
| 4: smaller business owners (value <$25,000) | 1 | |||||
| 6: technicians, semi-professionals, small business owners (business valued at $50,000–70,000) | 4 | |||||
| 7: smaller business owners, farm owners, managers, minor professionals | 13 | |||||
| 8: administrators, lesser professionals, proprietor of medium-sized business | 10 | |||||
| 9: higher executives and major professionals | 19 | |||||
| SWE SS | 47 | 110.660 | 12.232 | 86 | 138 | |
| PDE SS | 47 | 105.979 | 14.415 | 77 | 144 | |
| WID-WRMT SS | 47 | 116.021 | 11.311 | 94 | 139 | |
| WA-WRMT SS | 47 | 114.298 | 13.992 | 90 | 146 | |
| PC SS | 47 | 114.447 | 9.726 | 99 | 141 | |
| Parents in Test Set | ||||||
| Age at ARHQ | 43 | 48.814 | 6.734 | 39 | 73 | |
| Females | 23 | |||||
| Males | 22 | |||||
| ARHQ | 45 | 0.358 | 0.186 | 0.087 | 0.804 | |
| Highest level of education | ||||||
| Below high school | 1 | |||||
| High school | 1 | |||||
| Some BS or 2-year degree | 4 | |||||
| BS degree | 19 | |||||
| Graduate or professional | 21 | |||||
| Children in Test Set | ||||||
| Age | 28 | 11.464 | 2.400 | 7.7 | 16.2 | |
| Girls | 8 | |||||
| Boys | 20 | |||||
| SES (family gross income) | ||||||
| Between $100,001 and $200,000 | 4 | |||||
| Between $200,001 and $500,000 | 13 | |||||
| >$500,000 | 5 | |||||
| SES (mother education) | ||||||
| Some BS or 2-year degree | 3 | |||||
| BS degree | 12 | |||||
| Graduate or professional | 12 | |||||
| SWE SS | 25 | 86.240 | 17.915 | 55 | 126 | |
| PDE SS | 25 | 84.000 | 17.863 | 62 | 129 | |
| WID-WJ SS | 24 | 89.292 | 15.046 | 57 | 112 | |
| WA-SS | 23 | 92.130 | 11.443 | 67 | 111 | |
Note.
the p-values when running regressions and using parental reading measures as dependent variables and age as the independent variable. ARHQ: Adult Reading History Questionnaire. SES: socioeconomic status. Family Hollingshead occupation code: the 9-point Hollingshead Index Occupational Status Scale (Bornstein & Bradley, 2003) is used to score parental occupation, and only the highest score of any parent is used as the indicator of children’s SES level. SWE: TOWRE sight word reading efficiency subtest. PDE: TOWRE phonemic decoding efficiency subtest. WID-WRMT: WRMT-R/NU word identification subtest. WA-WRMT: WRMT-R/NU word attack subtest. PC: WRMT-R/NU passage comprehension subtest. SS: standard score. BS: Bachelor.