Table 4.

Coefficient Estimates of Lasso Regression Selection based on Adult (n = 81) and Child (n = 47) Reading in the Training Set

	Adult Reading		Child Reading
	Unstandardized coefficient	Standardized coefficient	Unstandardized coefficient	Standardized coefficient
Item 2: How much difficulty did you have learning to read in elementary school? (0 = none and 4 = a great deal)	−0.224**	−0.308	−0.390**	−0.357
Item 4: Did you ever reverse the order of letters or numbers when you were a child? (0 = no and 4 = a great deal)	−0.112**	−0.150	-	-
Item 5: Did you have difficulty learning letter and/color names when you were a child? (0 = no and 4 = a great deal)	−0.246**	−0.179	-	-
Item 7: All students struggle from time to time in school. In comparison to others in your classes, how much did you struggle to complete your work? (0 = not at all and 4 = much more than most)	-	-	−0.303**	−0.227
Item 8: Did you experience difficulty in high school or college English classes? (0 = no; enjoyed and did well and 4 = a great deal; did poorly)	-	-	−0.266**	−0.201
Item 14: How would you compare your current spelling to that of others of the same age and education? (0 = above average and 4 = below average)	−0.187**	−0.251	-	-
R2 explained	51.2%		43.7%
Adjusted R2	48.6%		39.8%

Note.

^**:p-value < 0.01.

^*:p-value < 0.05.