Figure 3: Hyperlipidemia in L-Bmal1^−/− mice fed a Western diet.

Male 16-week-old Bmal1^fl/fl and L-Bmal1^−/− mice were fed a Western diet for 2 months. Plasma and tissues were collected at 12:00.

(A) Total and non-HDL plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Values are mean ± SD, n=6. ** p<0.01, and *** p<0.001, t-test.

(B) Plasma was used to measure apolipoproteins by western blotting.

(C) Plasma VLDL and HDL particle diameters were measured. Scale bar = 50 nm.

(D) Mice were fasted for 5 h and were injected intraperitoneally with P407 (30 mg/mouse) at 12:00. Triglyceride determinations were done before injection (0 minutes) and at the indicated times (left). The triglyceride production rates were higher in Bmal1^−/− than in Bmal1^+/+ mice (right). Two-way ANOVA and t-test ** p<0.01.

(E) Expression of MTP and ApoAIV were significantly increased in L-Bmal1^−/− livers. Crebh mRNA increased by ~5-fold. Values are mean ± SD. *** p<0.001, t-test.

(F) Hepatic protein expression determined by Western blotting.