Table 1.

Patient Inclusion in the Design of the Study

Patient engagement	Goal	Outcome
Internet survey of patients’ tapering perceptions (N=250)	Identify patient needs and preferences; tailor methods accordingly	- Participation in tapering is voluntary - Participants randomized to behavioral treatment - Co-primary outcome (pain intensity, opioid dose)
National patient advisory panel (N=100)	Ensure patient-facing study materials are acceptable and pleasing to patients	- Study logo selected by patients - EMPOWER acronym created by a patient - Surveys vetted by patients - Website and brochure vetted by patients - Peer-to-peer video vignettes offered on website