TABLE 2.
Unadjusted Hospitalization Outcomes Compared by Inappropriate Empiric Therapy Status Across Pneumonia Types
| Outcome | Nonventilated Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia | Ventilated Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia | Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 4,728 | % | n = 4,561 | % | n = 8,530 | % | p | |
| Hospital costs overall, $ | |||||||
| Mean (sd) | 59,002 (67,448) | 82,372 (80,624) | 101,386 (106,229) | < 0.001 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 39,911 (24,142–69,129]) | 62,464 (39,149–99,323) | 77,657 (50,823–122,419) | < 0.001 | |||
| IET | |||||||
| Mean (sd) | 76,659 (96,831) | 98,073 (91,361) | 117,925 (100,695) | < 0.001 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 48,422 (27,681–89,726) | 72,867 (48,075–113,655) | 89,620 (56,916–141,762) | < 0.001 | |||
| Non-IET | |||||||
| Mean (sd) | 57,477 (64,412) | 81,728 (80,771) | 100,255 (108,059) | < 0.001 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 38,978 (23,967–67,569) | 62,318 (39,057–98,213) | 77,526 (51,004–121,095) | < 0.001 | |||
| Postinfection hospital LOS, (d) | |||||||
| Mean (sd) | 13.2 (20.0) | 17.0 (17.6) | 18.8 (21.6) | < 0.001 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 8 (4–15) | 13 (7–21) | 14 (8–23) | < 0.001 | |||
| IET | |||||||
| Mean (sd) | 21.1 (37.9) | 19.2 (21.1) | 21.4 (24.8) | 0.574 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 11 (6–20) | 14 (8–21) | 14 (8–25) | < 0.001 | |||
| Non-IET | |||||||
| Mean (sd) | 12.5 (17.6) | 16.7 (17.1) | 18.6 (21.4) | < 0.001 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 8 (4–15) | 13 (7–21) | 14 (8–22) | < 0.001 | |||
| Postinfection onset ICU LOS for survivors, d | |||||||
| Mean (sd) | 3.7 (6.9) | 10.9 (9.3) | 12.2 (10.7) | < 0.001 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 2 (0–5) | 8 (5–14) | 9 (5–16) | < 0.001 | |||
| IET | |||||||
| Mean (sd) | 5.1 (9.3) | 13.2 (13.8) | 12.3 (9.6) | < 0.001 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 2 (0–6) | 9 (5–15) | 10 (6–17) | < 0.001 | |||
| Non-IET | |||||||
| Mean (sd) | 3.6 (6.7) | 10.8 (9.1) | 12.2 (10.9) | < 0.001 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 2 (0–5) | 8 (5–14) | 10 (5–16) | < 0.001 | |||
| Postinfection onset mechanical ventilation duration, da | |||||||
| Mean (sd) | 7.2 (7.3) | 9.3 (10.4) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 5 (3–9) | 7 (3–12) | < 0.001 | ||||
| IET | |||||||
| Mean (sd) | 8.0 (6.9) | 16.1 (12.7) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 7 (3–11) | 13 (8–20) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Non-IET | |||||||
| Mean (sd) | 7.4 (7.5) | 14.4 (12.2) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 5 (3–9) | 12 (8–18) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Incident Clostridium difficile, % | 114 | 2.4 | 146 | 3.2 | 304 | 3.6 | 0.001 |
| IET | 10 | 2.5 | 11 | 4.3 | 18 | 2.9 | 0.392 |
| Non-IET | 90 | 2.3 | 118 | 3.0 | 259 | 3.6 | 0.001 |
| Extubation failure, %a | 688 | 15.1 | 1,351 | 15.8 | 0.010 | ||
| IET | 45 | 17.7 | 118 | 19.2 | 0.614 | ||
| Non-IET | 592 | 15.1 | 1,105 | 15.4 | 0.647 | ||
| Reintubation, %a | 380 | 8.3 | 573 | 6.7 | < 0.001 | ||
| IET | 23 | 9.1 | 64 | 10.4 | 0.546 | ||
| Non-IET | 318 | 8.1 | 444 | 6.2 | < 0.001 | ||
IET = inappropriate empiric therapy, IQR = interquartile range, LOS = length of stay.
aVentilated hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia only.