TABLE 4.
Impact of Inappropriate Empiric Therapy on the Outcomes Stratified by Pneumonia Type
| Outcome | Nonventilated Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia | Ventilated Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia | Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Point Estimate (95% CI) | p | Point Estimate (95% CI) | p | Point Estimate (95% CI) | p | |
| Postinfection onset hospital LOS, d | 4.9 (3.0–6.9) | < 0.001 | 0.6 (–1.3 to 2.5) | 0.559 | 1.5 (–0.2 to 3.2) | 0.075 |
| Postinfection onset ICU LOS, d | 1.1 (0.1–2.2) | 0.029 | 1.4 (0.0–2.9) | 0.056 | 0.4 (–0.6 to 1.4) | 0.406 |
| Hospital costs, $ | $13,147 (3,009–23,284) | < 0.001 | $4,658 (–2,424 to 11,750) | 0.198 | $6,161 (928–11,394) | 0.021 |
| Postinfection onset mechanical ventilation duration, d | 0.5 (–0.3 to 1.2) | 0.259 | 0.8 (–0.2 to 1.9) | 0.104 | ||
| Clostridium difficile | OR = 1.25 (0.58–2.71) | 0.566 | OR = 1.70 (0.86–3.34) | 0.125 | OR = 0.95 (0.58–1.55) | 0.824 |
| Extubation failure | OR = 1.20 (0.84–1.72) | 0.323 | OR = 1.34 (1.05–1.71) | 0.017 | ||
| Reintubationa | OR = 1.11 (0.69–1.81) | 0.66 | OR = 1.61 (1.17–2.20) | 0.003 | ||
LOS = length of stay, OR = odds ratio.
aVentilated hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia groups only