Table 2.

Confirming the final attributes to be included in Manaaki with associated conceptual frameworks.

Attributes and conceptual framework	Use case examples	Final features and functions for Manaaki
Personalization—developing self-awareness and insight [50-52]	To be able to add my comments on things that are working well Put reminders in To encourage retention, create a longitudinal experience or history as it makes it difficult to stop interacting with the app and difficult to delete Show where I have come from so it is useful to me Can add other information that is important to me	Personal journal that auto-adds from modules plus can add information independently Shared forum feature that links others in the study (opt-in) Each module has a progress bar Videos of people like me within modules and in resources Use of other languages to help convey complex terms or concepts. Te Reo Māori and Pasifika languages used where relevant Use of avatars or ability to add own photo
Internal support progress—activating personal strengths and resources and enhancing belief for successful change [54,55]	To add or interact within the app and receive unanticipated rewards or appreciation that help reinforce behavior Having information in smaller sections and showing easy actions to promote a sense of capability and then skill development Messages that pop up that are positive and keep me motivated Real-time notification messages to reinforce activities and help to interpret or reinforce the activity	Informative and timely messages and notifications created Action prompts to complete a topic or module Instant feedback is given when an activity completed; that is, summary of what the outcomes of an activity are Assessments can be repeated with scores showing past and current outcomes and an interpretation to help understanding Able to post specific activities into a journal
External support—relapse prevention [56]	Can quickly find other help Resources provided	Webchat link to national gambling helpline Additional services section includes links to treatment services Links to external resources and tools (such as budgeting tools)
Literacy tools—activating personal strengths and resources and enhancing belief for successful change [54,55]	To have new or novel information presented through videos or notifications or links if needed to read more Attracting the attention of the user is about relevance and supports the usefulness of the app Supports how to make changes and maintain these	Resources and additional help and tools section Audio options to help when literacy is a challenge (only in English) Links to other resources such as budgeting and web-based gambling blocker tools Links to trusted resources Use of animations Use of the information icons to provide definitions or interpretation for some words
Navigation—literacy	Being able to see information in a way that is relevant to me and minimizes unhelpful and inappropriate comparisons Creates achievements and motivations to keep me engaged Can add other information that is important to me	Suggestions of where to next depending on outcomes A range of distraction activities that are relevant to intended users
Engaging—targeting thoughts and feelings and activating behaviors [53]	Has a good look and feel Looks engaging Tells a story that I can identify with	Use of New Zealand imagery Tui guide that provides an explanation of the purpose of each module Animations
Secure and simple	It needs to be secure and private Easy to download I do not want to be online all the time to use it	Registration and log-in simple with clear direction App size low and cater to the lowest operating system as possible The main elements within the app can be used offline