Table 6.

Results of convergent parallel design based on housing status.

Quantitative findings	Qualitative findings	Merged findings outcome
Compared with housed participants, unhoused participants were more likely to report that the study caused them stress or anxiety (P=.02).	Although both housed and unhoused participants reported stress accompanying the study, unhoused participants discussed stress related to paranoia and snitching.	Confirmatory; expansion
The study was reported to have interfered with daily life among those unhoused compared with those in housing (P<.001).	Although surveys appeared at inopportune times for both housed (eg, while at work or school) and unhoused (eg, while visiting with a case manager) participants, unhoused participants discussed more stress regarding needing to answer to make the money for survey compliance, which made it more likely to interfere with what they were doing.	Confirmatory; expansion
Unhouse participants reported greater difficulty charging their devices (P=.02).	Housed participants were more likely to be in locations with outlets. Charging had to be sought out by unhoused participants.	Confirmatory; convergent
More unhoused participants reported that the study caused changes in their behavior (P<.001) than those in housing.	Although both housed and unhoused participants noted increased awareness of substance use related to substance use questions, unhoused participants more often reported increased substance use, whereas housed participants seemed to mention the awareness of substance use and trended toward a reduction in their use.	Confirmatory; complementarity
Compared with those in housing, unhoused participants reported being less likely to be open or honest when answering survey items (P=.03).	Housed participants seemed to feel more comfortable with honest responses, whereas unhoused participants again noted paranoia and fear of snitching.	Confirmatory; convergent