Table 1.
Systemic (IgA, IgG, and Blockade Antibody) Immune Response to Norovirus Infectiona
| Casesb | Exposed Controlsc | Nonexposed Controlsd | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
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| Immunological Marker | N° | GMT (95% CI) |
GMFR (95% CI) | Participants With ≥ 4-Fold rise (%) | N° | GMT (95% CI) |
GMFR (95% CI) | Participants With ≥ 4-Fold rise (%) | N° | GMT (95% CI) |
||
| Acute | Convalescent | Acute | Convalescent | Acute | ||||||||
| IgG | 54 | 1019.0 (749.2–1,387.0) | 8976.0 (5888.0–13 683.0) | 8.8 (5.8–13.3) | 42 (78) | 23 | 1141.0 (698.8–1861.0) | 1606.0 (679.1–3799.0) | 1.41 (.8–2.4) | 4 (18) | 17 | 793.4 (396.7–1,587.0) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| IgA | 54 | 826.2 (651.6–1,048.0) | 6593.0 (4605.0–9441.0) | 8.0 (5.5–11.7) | 43 (80) | 23 | 702.4 (441.8–1,117.0) | 785.3 (441.0–1399.0) | 1.1 (.7–1.8) | 5 (22) | 17 | 873.1 (577.9–1,319.0) |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Blockade antibodies | 54 | 20.6 (15.5–27.3) | 572.8 (374.6–875.9) | 26.7 (17.2–41.4) | 47 (87) | 23 | 24.5 (15.2–39.7) | 47.9 (21.6–106.5) | 1.9 (1.0–3.9) | 5 (22) | 17 | 24.1 (14.6–39.7) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GMFR, geometric mean fold rise; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgG, immunoglobulin G; GMT, geometric mean titer.
a
Table includes only those cases and exposed controls from which acute and convalescent sera were available.
b
Classification based on symptoms. Case group includes participant with positive or negative acute stool or without acute stool.
c
Classification based on symptoms. Control group includes asymptomatic (positive shedding, nonsymptoms) and noninfected (no shedding, nonsymptoms) with or without acute stool.
d
Only acute serum sample was collected.